Managing for Healthy Ecosystems

ISBN-13: 9781566706124 / Angielski / Twarda / 2002 / 1552 str.

David J. Rapport; Bill L. Lasley; Dennis E. Rolston

Opis

One of the critical issues of our time is the dwindling capacity of the planet to provide life support for a large and growing human population. Based on a symposium on ecosystem health, Managing for Healthy Ecosystems identifies key issues that must be resolved if there is to be progress in this complex area, such as:

Evolving methods for regional ecosystem health assessment employing complex adaptive systems coupled with adaptive technologies to permit accurate determination of changes in regional and global environments

Issues and methods for assessing, monitoring, and managing diversity and its impact on human health in the context of climate change, agroecosystems, restoration of forests, politics, culture, and tradition.
Leading thinkers in the field provide a coherent synthesis and a benchmark for the practice of this emerging field worldwide. The more than 100 peer-reviewed papers are grouped into three major parts. The first, "Emerging Concepts," explores the diverse meanings of ecosystem health within ecological, socio-economic, and human health perspectives, and the linkages to related concepts such as ecological integrity, sustainable development, and ecological footprints. The second part, "Issues and Methods," introduces methods for assessing and monitoring ecosystem health, including strategies for gaining political and stakeholder input and support for science-based ecosystem management. The final part, "Case Studies," reports experiences of interdisciplinary teams grappling with specific issues in a variety of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.

Spis treści

PART I: EMERGING CONCEPTS
Preface
SETTING THE STAGE
Overview: Regaining healthy ecoystems: The supreme challenge of our age, David J. Rapport
The politics of the environment, Ola Ullsten
Environmental health research challenges, Kenneth Olden
Towards eco-responsibility: The need for new education, new technologies, new teams, and new economics, William S. Fyfe
PERSPECTIVES ON ECOSYSTEM HEALTH
Overview: Perspectives on ecosystem health, David J. Rapport
The ethics of ecological integrity and ecosystem health: The interface, Laura Westra
Ecological integrity and material growth: Irreconcilable conflict? William E. Rees
Population health issues in the management of air quality, Richard T.Burnett, Barry Jessiman, David Stieb, and Daniel Krewski
Global environmental changes and health: Approaches to assessing risks, A.J. McMichael and R.S. Kovats
Integrated research on health effects of global climate change, J.A. Patz
Use of meteorological data to predict mosquito-borne encephalitis risk in California: Preliminary observations in Kern County, William K. Reisen
Preparing for the quantum leap to sustainability: A toolkit for future-friendly cities, Mathis Wackernagel
BUILDING POLICIES AND LINKAGES
Overview: Building policies and linkages, Barry W. Wilson
The CALFED ecosystem restoration program: Complexity and compromise, Rick Soehren
Understanding the politics of ecological regulation: Appropriate use of the concept of ecosystem health
John Freemuth
Attitudes and their influence on nature valuation and management in relation to sustainable development, Hans A.M. de Kruijf, Ekko C. van Ierland, C. Martijn van der Heide, and Jos M. Dekker
Humane values as a basis for ecosystem health
John W. Grandy and Allen T. Rutberg, The role of the Water Education Foundation in creating factual awareness and facilitating consensus in western water issues, Rita Schmidt Sudman
Addressing threats to the health of coastal and near-coastal ecosystems-The Gulf of Mexico, James D. Giattina
SETTING GOALS AND OBJECTIVES IN MANAGING FOR HEALTHY ECOSYSTEMS
Overview: Setting goals and objectives in managing for healthy ecosystems, Robert T. Lackey
Adaptive restoration: A strategic approach for integrating research into restoration projects, J.B. Zedler and J. Callaway
Appropriate use of ecosystem health and normative science in ecological policy, Robert T. Lackey
Ecosystem health: A flawed basis for federal regulation and land use management, Allan K. Fitzsimmons
Quality of life, recreation, and natural environments: Exploring the connection, Alan Ewert
Natural capital differentiation, sustainability, and regional environmental policy, Cecilia Collados
FINDING INDICATORS
Overview: Can we develop and utilize indicators of ecological integrity to manage ecosystems successfully? Gary N. Cherr
A conceptual framework for choosing indicators of ecological integrity: Case-study of the San Francisco Bay-Delta-River System, Karen Levy, Terry F. Young, and Rodney M. Fujita
Establishing specifications of ecological indicators for the prediction of sustainability, Wayne G. Landis and John F. McLaughlin
Measuring the impact of ecological disintegrity on human health: A role for epidemiology, Colin L. Soskolne
Development of a terrestrial index of ecological integrity, a new tool for ecosystem management, James K. Andreasen, Reed Noss, and Nicholas C. Slosser
EPA Office of Research and Development guidelines for technical evaluation of ecological indicators, William S. Fisher, Laura E. Jackson, and Janis C. Kurtz
Toward a forest capital index, Bruce A. Wilcox, K. Shawn Smallwood, and James R. Kahn
MONITORING, LEARNING, AND ADJUSTING
Overview: Monitoring, learning, and adjusting, David Waltner-Toews
Ecosystem health and economic development: Rural vision to action, Jock R. Anderson
Linking biodiversity and agriculture-Challenges and opportunities for sustainable food security, Lori Ann Thrupp
Evolving opportunities to integrate management of agricultural landscapes and ecosystem health: Sustainability by opportunity, J. Dumanski, S. Joffe, E. Terry, and C. Pieri
The ecological footprint as indicator for sustainable development-Results of an international case study, D.P. van Vuuren, E.M.W. Smeets, and H.A.M. de Kruijf
PART II: ISSUES AND METHODS
MANAGING FOR BIODIVERSITY
Overview: Managing for biodiversity, Jonna A.K. Mazet
The Greater Addo National Park, South Africa: Biodiversity conservation as the basis for a healthy ecosystem and human development opportunities
Graham I.H. Kerley, André F. Boshoff, and Michael H. Knight
The role of an accidentally introduced fungus in degrading the health of the Stirling Range National Park Ecosystem in South Western Australia: Status and prognosis, David Newsome
Mangrove conservation and restoration for enhanced resilience, Nguyen Hoang Tri, Phan Nguyen Hong, W. Neil Adger, and P. Mick Kelly
A comparison of landscape change detection methods, Curtis M. Edmonds, Anne C. Neale, Daniel T. Heggem, James D. Wickham, and K. Bruce Jones
Relationships among environmental stressors and fish community composition and health: Case study of Chesapeake, Susanna T.Y. Tong
ASSESSING AND MONITORING BIODIVERSITY
Overview: Assessing and monitoring biodiversity, Santiago Carrizosa
Management and conservation of tropical forests with emphasis on rare tree species in Brazil, Flavio B. Gandara and Paulo Y. Kageyama
The effects of roads on carnivores-A case study of mountain lions (Puma concolor) in California, Melissa M. Grigione and Mike B. Johnson
A rapid method in ecosystem mapping and monitoring as a tool for managing Costa Rico ecosystem health, Maarten Kappelle, Marco Castro, Heiner Acevedo, Pedro Cordero, Luis Gonzalez, Edgar Mendez, and Huberth Monge
Identification and monitoring in the context to the national biodiversity strategy in Uruguay, Victor Canton
CLIMATE CHANGE AND ECOSYSTEM HEALTH
Overview: Climate change and ecosystem health, Ruth A. Reck
Climate change, birds and ecosystems-Why should we care? Jeff Price
A checklist for historical studies of species' responses to climate change, Rafe Sagarin
Use of long-term field datasets in forestry to model ecosystem responses to environmental change, Csaba Matyas
The possible impacts of climate change on Pacific island state ecosystems, William C.G. Burns
Modeling assessment of the biological and economic impact of increased UV radiation on loblolly pine in the Mid-Atlantic States, John J. Streicher and Keith Endres
EXOTIC SPECIES: ERADICATION REVISITED
Overview: Exotic species: Eradication revisited, James R. Carey
Eradication: Is it ecologically, financially, environmentally, and realistically possible? Judith H. Myers
Why not eradication?, Daniel Simberloff
Eradication of introduced marine pests, Armand M. Kuris
LANDSCAPE HEALTH ASSESSMENT
Overview: Landscape health assessment, Ganapati P. Patil
Environmental and ecological regional policy research with remote imagery and geospatial information: Issues, approaches, and examples, G.P. Patil and S. Rodriguez
Application of landscape models to alternative futures analyses, Anne C. Neale, K. Bruce Jones, Malihas S. Nash, Rick D. Van Remontel, James D. Wickham, Kurt H. Ritters, and Robert V. O'Neill
Echelon screening of remotely sensed change indicators, Wayne L. Myers and Francis R. Beck
Grassland bird communities and environmental health: The role of landscape features, Douglas H.Johnson, Sharon F. Browder, and Maiken Winter
An assessment of risks and threats to human health due to the collapse/degradation of the ecosystem, Lada Kochtcheeva and Ashbindu Singh
Predictability of bird community-based ecological integrity using landscape measurements, Glen D. Johnson, Wayne L. Meyers, Ganapati P. Patil, Timothy J. O'Connell, and Robert P. Brooks
Landscape biodiversity and biological health risk assessment: The Italian Map of Nature, Giovanni Zurlini, Orazio Rossi, and Vittorio Amadio
Interior Columbia Basin forests and rangelands, 1930s to present, Paul F. Hessburg, Bradley G. Smith, R. Brion Salter, Roger D. Ottmar, and Ernesto Alvarado
COMMUNITIES, POLITICS, CULTURE, AND TRADITION
Overview: Communities, politics, culture, and tradition, Alexander H. Harcourt
Gambling for sustainability-Local institutions for pasture management in Bhutan, Karma Ura
Environmental and socio-economic indicators of Great Lakes Basin ecosystem health, Paul Bertram, Harvey Shear, Nancy Stadler-Salt, and Paul Horvatin
Control of natural resource degradation to restore ecosystem health and to help secure peace in the Middle East, Scott Christiansen
Biological conservation in Mexico: An overview, Exequiel Ezcurra
Environmental impacts of mobility and urban policy options: A case study of the Brussels-Capital Region, Paul Safonov, Vincent Favrel, and Walter Hecq
Relating indicators of ecosystem health and ecological integrity to assess risks to sustainable agriculture and native biota-A case study of Yolo County, California, Minghua Zhang, K. Shawn Smallwood, and Erin Anderson
Nature policy assessments: Strategic surveying and assessing progress across policy levels, H.J. Verkaar, Hans A.M. de Kruijf, G.W. Lammers, and Rudo Reiling
Land use change due to urbanization for the Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment Region, Ronald Matheny and Keith Endres
AGRICULTURE AND HUMAN HEALTH
Overview: Agriculture and human health, Marc B. Shenker
Effects of agriculture on ecosystem and human health, Paul D. Gunderson, Nancy B. Young, and Dean T. Stueland
Infectious disease hazards to agricultural workers, Dean O. Cliver
Size distribution of PM10 soil dust emissions from harvesting crops, Robert T. Matsumura, Lowell Ashbaugh, Teresa James, Omar Carvacho, and Robert Flocchini
Evaluating pesticide effects on ecosystems and human health: The Rotenone application at Lake Davis, Marylou Verder-Carlos and Michael O'Malley
MINING IMPACTS
Overview: Mining impacts, Jean Lebel
The ecosystem approach to human health in the context of mining in the developing world, Jean Lebel and Lisa Burley
Issues of scale in the selection and interpretation of mineral indicators, Deborah J. Shields and Slavko V. Solar
Conceptual approaches to health and well-being in minerals development: Including illustrations from the case of HIV/AIDS in southern Africa, Camilla Maclean, Alyson Warhurst, and Philip Milner
Mining and indigenous peoples' contributions to an intercultural and ecosystem understanding of health and well-being, Cristina Echavarria Usher
Integrating human health into an ecosystem approach to mining, Donna Mergler
A conceptual framework for the development of tools to track health and well-being in a mining region: Reporting from an Indian study, Maria Ligia Noronha
Addressing gaps in ecosystem health assessment: The case of mineral resources, Joy Jacqueline Pereira and Ibrahim Komoo
FOREST HEALTH MONITORING AND RESTORATION
Overview: Forest health monitoring and restoration, Bruce A. Wilcox
Restoring naturalness in secondary forest ecosystems enhances their ecological stability, Peter Brang
The precautionary principle and ecosystem health: A case study from the Jarrah Forest of south-western Australia
M.C. Calver
National indicators of forest ecosystem health: A science perspective on the Canadian Initiative, Harry Hirvonen
Forest health monitoring in the USA: A west coast perspective, Sally Campbell, Barbara Conkling, John Coulston, Peter Neitlich, National Iral Ragenovich, and William Smith
AGROECOSYSTEMS
Overview: Integrating agricultural production with ecosystem health, Terrell P. Salmon
Fallow land patches an ecosystem health in California's Central Valley agroecosystem, John D. Hopkins
Reduced-disturbance agroecosystems in California, J.P. Mitchell, W.T. Lanini, S.R. Temple, P.N. Brostrom, E.V. Herrero, E.M. Miyao, T.S.Prather, and K.J. Hembree
Ecologically based pest management: A key pathway to achieving agroecosystem health, Miguel A. Altieri and Clara Ines Nichols
Irrigation, agricultural drainage, nutrient loading in the Upper Klamath Basin, S.R. Kaffka, A. Dhawan, and D. Kirby
GRAZING ANIMALS AND RANGELANDS
Overview: Grazing animals and rangelands, Albert C. Medvitz
Changing public perceptions of the ranch: A preliminary review of ancient and contemporary claims and processes, Sally K. Fairfax
A ranchers eye view of grazing native grasslands in California, Richard R. Hamilton
California grazing lands: Science policy and the rancher, Jack Hanson
Reinventing the range: To graze or not to graze is not the question, Lynn Huntsinger
California grazing lands: Whither they go? Albert G. Medvitz
Protecting the biodiversity of grasslands grazed by livestock in California, Richard J. Reiner
PART III: CASE STUDIES
THE COLORADO RIVER DELTA ECOSYSTEM, US-MEXICO
Overview: The Colorado River delta ecosystem: Ecological issues at the United States-Mexico border, Daniel W. Anderson
Physical and biological linkages between the Upper and Lower Colorado Delta, Saúl Alvarez-Borrego
Migratory bird conservation in the Colorado River delta region, Daniel W. Anderson, Eduardo Palacios, Eric Mellink, and Carlos Valdés-Cassillas
Wildlife disease in the Colorado River delta region as an indicator for ecosystem health, T.E. Rocke and M. Friend
Contaminants without borders: A regional assessment of the Colorado River delta ecosystem, Miguel A. Mora, Jaqueline Garcia, Maria de la Paz Carpio-Obeso, and Kirke King
Conservation value and management issues of the wetland and riparian habitats in the Colorado River delta in Mexico, Michael Cohen, Edward P. Glenn, Jason Morrison, and Robert J. Glennon
CANADIAN PRAIRIE ECOSYSTEM
Overview: Sustainability of the semiarid prairie ecosystem, Canadian Prairie Ecosystem Study (PECOS), Darwin Anderson
Historical land use and ecosystem health of the Canadian semi-arid prairie ecosystem, Lisa L. Dale-Burnett and Darwin W. Anderson
Health and wellbeing in a changing environment: Perceptions of a rural senior Saskatchwan population, M. MacDonald and G. Remus
Prairie Ecosystem Study (PECOS): From community to chemical elements, the essential role of questionnaires
H.H. McDuffie, K.M. Semchuk, M. Crossley, A. Senthilselvan, A.M. Rosenberg, L. Hagel, A.J. Cessna, D.G. Irvine, and D.L. Ledingham
Ecosystem level functional changes in breeding bird guilds in the mixed grassland since agricultural settlement, Todd A. Radenbaugh
Evaluating agroecosystem sustainability using an integrated model, K.W. Belcher and M. Boehm
Prediction of soil salinity risk by digital terrain in the Canadian Prairies, Igor V. Florinsky, Robert G. Eilers, and Glenn W. Lelyk
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS: LAKE TAHOE AND CLEAR LAKE, CALIFORNIA
Overview: Aquatic ecosystems: Lake Tahoe and Clear Lake, California, Dennis E. Rolston
Evaluating and managing a multiply stressed ecosystem at Clear Lake, California: A holistic ecosystem approach
T.H. Suchanek, P.J. Richerson, D.C. Nelson, C.A. Eagles-Smith, D.W. Anderson, J.J. Cech, R. Zierenberg, G. Schlachow, J.F. Mount, S.C. McHatton, D.G. Slotton, L.B. Webber, B.J. Swisher, A.L. Born, and M. Sexton
Trans-gill and dietary uptake of methylmercury by the Sacramento blackfish, a planktivorous freshwater fish
Joseph J. Cech Jr., Monica Heekyoung Choi, and Ann G. Houck
An integrated watershed approach to studying ecosystem health at Lake Tahoe, CA-NV, USA, John E. Reuter, Charles R. Goldman, Thomas A. Cahill, Steve S. Cliff, Alan C. Heyvaert, Alan D. Jassby, Susan Lindstrom, and David M. Rizzo
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS: FLORIDA, NEW YORK, AND MARYLAND
Overview: Aquatic ecosystems: Florida, New York, and Maryland, Dennis E. Rolston
A tale of two models: IMPLAN and REMI on the ecconomics of Everglades restoration, Richard Weisskoff
Analysis of land cover and water quality in the New York Catskill-Delaware basins, M.H. Mehaffey, T.G. Wade, M.S. Nash, and C.M. Edmonds
Using a knowledge base to assess the effects of stream stressors, Lester Yuan
THE LANGAT BASIN OF MALAYSIA
Overview: The Langat Basin of Malaysia, Nicholas W. Lerche
Ecosystem health in Malaysia: A case study of the Langat Basin, M. Nordin, Joy Jacqueline Pereira, A. Fariz, Saiful Arif Abdullah, Ibrahim Komoo Shahruddin Idrus, Pauzi Abdullah, Abdul Hadi Harman Shah, Abdullah Samat, Rospidah Ghazali, W. Mohd Muhiyuddin, and Muhammad Abu Yusuf
Manufacturing industries and ecosystem health: The case of the Langat Basin, Malaysia, A. Fariz and M. Nordin
Diagnosing ecosystem health of the Langsat Basin in the context of geohazards, Ibrahim Komoo, J.J. Pereira, and W.M. Muhiyuddin Ibrahim
River water quality assessment and ecosystem health: Langat River Basin, Selangor, Malaysia, Muhammad Abu Yusuf, Mohd. Nordin Hj. Hasan, and Md. Pauzi Abdullah
Forest areas and wildlife diversity in the Langat Basin: Indicators for assessing Langat Basin ecosystem health, Saiful Arif Abdullah
POLLUTION: MTBE
Overview: Environmental impacts of a motor fuel additive: Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), Daniel P.Y. Chang
MTBE in ground water of the United States-Occurrence, potential sources, and long-range transport, Michael J. Moran, John S. Zogorski, and Paul J. Squillace
The European perspective to MTBE as an oxygenate in fuels, Eberhard Morgenroth and Erik Arvin
Cost benefit considerations for the introduction of gasoline additives such as MTBE, Arturo Keller and Linda Fernandez

O autorze

David J. Rapport, Bill L. Lasley, Dennis E. Rolston, Ole N. Nielsen, Calvin O. Qualset, Ardeshir B. Damania