The Origins of Violence: Approaches to the Study of Conflict

ISBN-13: 9781560007838 / Angielski / Miękka / 1994 / 620 str.

Anatol Rapoport

Opis

In this fundamental analysis, Rapoport asks: Why do we have wars? Doesn't humanity always seem on the verge of self-annihilation? Is there something in human genetic structure that makes people want to kill each other? Perhaps this impulse is a matter of good versus evil, or just plain human nature. Rapoport moves beyond cliches by claiming that the sources of modern violence reside in the imbalance between a lag in the system of values inherited from the past and the structure of science and technology that awaits no revision of values to move ahead.As a result, Rapoport argues that the study of war and peace should be considered a science, just like biology or, for that matter, political science. The same rules of empirical engagement and experimentation should apply. Before we can have a theory of peace, we need a methodology of conflict. Using the writings of thinkers who have made significant contributions to the predominant ideas and ideals of our society, Rapoport weaves together the strands of independent thought and research into a single, thought-provoking work.After investigating the whys of violence, using ideological, psychological, strategic, and systemic perspective, Rapoport moves to an in-depth analysis of possible varieties of conflict resolution. He explores such mechanisms as mediation, education, and applying the results of scientific research. He documents the impact of ideologies countervailing dominant ones that place obstacles in the way of peacemaking. Rapoport argues that conciliation and game theories can be utilized to replace the concept of winner take all or total victory. The Origins of Violence is a needed contribution to our understanding of warfare, and provides a forward-looking perspective that can be of wide use to each of the policy sciences, starting with military strategy and ending with international development.

Spis treści

Introduction to the Transaction Edition, Preface, Introduction, 1. On So-Called Aggression, 2. The Evolutionary Perspective, 3. The Behavioral Perspective, 4. The Attitudinal Perspective: We and They, 5. Uses and Limitations of the Psychological Approach, 6. Ideology: The Substrate of Thought, 7. The Ideal of Individual Freedom and the Cult of Property, 8. The Ideal of Collective Freedom and the Cult of Struggle, 9. Addiction to Power, 10. The Cult of Violence, 11. Ideological Issues of the Cold War, 12. The End of Ideology, 13. The Strategic Mode of Thought, 14. Limits of Individual Rationality, 15. Cooperative Games and Strategic Bargaining, 16. The Intellectualization of War, 17. The Systemic View of the World, 18. Arms Races, 19. Indices, Parameters, and Trends, 20. The War System, 21. Pacifism, 22. Conceptions of a World Order, 23. Conflict Resolution and Conciliation, 24. Problems of Peace Research, 25. Problems of Peace Education, 26. Concluding Remarks: Can There Be a Science of Peace?, Bibliography, Name Index, Subject Index

O autorze

Anatol Rapoport is professor at the University of Toronto, and a fellow at the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He has written over four hundred articles, and is author of the following books: Conflict in Man Made Environment; Game Theory as a Theory of Conflict Resolution; and General Systems Theory. He is widely recognized as the dean of war and peace studies in North America.