A Companion to Cognitive Science

ISBN-13: 9781557865427 / Angielski / Twarda / 1998 / 816 str.

George Graham; William Bechtel

Opis

Unmatched in the quality of its world-renowned contributors, this multidisciplinary companion serves as both a course text and a reference book across the broad spectrum of issues of concern to cognitive science.

Spis treści

List of Contributors and Website Notice.

Preface.

Acknowledgements.

Part I: The Life of Cognitive Science:.

William Bechtel (Washington University in St Louis), Adele Abrahamsen (Washington University in St Louis), and George Graham (University of Alabama at Birmingham).

Part II: Areas of Study in Cognitive Science:.

1. Analogy: Dedre Gentner (Northwestern University).

2. Animal Cognition: Herbert L. Roitblat (University of Hawaii).

3. Attention: A.H.C. Van Der Heijden (Leiden University).

4. Brain Mapping: Jennifer Mundale (Hartwick College).

5. Cognitive Anthropology: Charles W. Nuckolls (Emory University).

6. Cognitive and Linguistic Development: Adele Abrahamsen (Washington University in St Louis).

7. Conceptual Change: Nancy J. Nersessian (Georgia Institute of Technology).

8. Conceptual Organization: Douglas Medin (Northwestern University) and Sandra R. Waxman (Northwestern University).

9. Consciousness: Owen Flanagan (Duke University).

10. Decision Making: J. Frank Yates (University of Michigan) and Paul A. Estin (University of Michigan).

11. Emotions: Paul E. Griffiths (Otago University).

12. Imagery and Spatial Representation: Rita E. Anderson (Memorial University of Newfoundland).

13. Language Evolution and Neuromechanisms: Terrence W. Deacon (Boston University).

14. Language Processing: Kathryn Bock (University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign) and Susan M. Garnsey (University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign).

15. Linguistics Theory: D. Terence Langendoen (University of Arizona).

16. Machine Learning: Paul Thagard (University of Waterloo).

17. Memory: Henry L. Roediger III (Washington University in St Louis) and Lyn M. Goff (Washington University in St Louis).

18. Perception: Cees Van Leeuwen (University of Amsterdam).

19. Perception: Color: Austen Clark (University of Connecticut).

20. Problem Solving: Kevin Dunbar (McGill University).

21. Reasoning: Lance J. Rips (Northwestern University).

22. Social Cognition: Alan J. Lambert (Washington University in St Louis) and Alison L. Chasteen (Washington University in St Louis).

23. Unconscious Intelligence: Rhianon Allen (Long Island University) and Arthur S. Reber (City University of New York).

24. Understanding Texts: Art Graesser (University of Memphis) and Pam Tipping (University of Memphis).

25. Word Meaning: Barbara C. Malt (Lehigh University).

Part III: Methodologies of Cognitive Science:.

26. Artificial Intelligence: Ron Sun (University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa).

27. Behavioral Experimentation: Alexander Pollatsek (University of Massachusetts at Amherst) and Keith Rayner (University of Massachusetts at Amherst).

28. Cognitive Ethology: Marc Bekoff (University of Colorado).

29. Deficits and Pathologies: Christopher D. Frith (Institute of Neurology, London).

30. Ethnomethodology: Barry Saferstein (California State University).

31. Functional Analysis: Brian Macwhinney (Carnegie–Mellon University).

32. Neuroimaging: Randy L. Buckner (Washington University in St Louis) and Steven E. Petersen (Washington University Medical School).

33. Protocal Analysis: K. Anders Ericsson (Florida State University).

34. Single Neuron Electrophysiology: B. E. Stein (Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University), M.T. Wallace (Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University), and T.R. Stanford (Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University).

35. Structural Analysis: Robert Frank (John Hopkins University).

Part IV: Stances in Cognitive Science:.

36. Case–based Reasoning: David B. Leake (Indiana University).

37. Cognitive Linguistics: Michael Tomasello (Emory University).

38. Connectionism, Artificial Life, and Dynamical Systems: Jeffrey L. Elman (University of California at San Diego).

39. Embodied, Situated, and Distributed Cognition: Andy Clark (Washington University in St Louis).

40. Mediated Action: James V. Wertsch (Washington University in St Louis).

41. Neurobiological Modeling: P. Read Montague (Baylor College of Medicine) and Peter Dayan (Massachusetts Institute of Technology).

42. Production Systems: Christian D. Schunn (Carnegie–Mellon University) and David Klahr (Carnegie–Mellon University).

Part V: Controversies in Cognitive Science:.

43. The Binding Problem: Valerie Gray Hardcastle (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University).

44. Heuristics and Satisficing: Robert C. Richardson (University of Cincinnati).

45. Innate Knowledge: Barbara Landau (University of Delaware).

46. Innateness and Emergentism: Elizabeth Bates (University of California at San Diego), Jeffrey L. Elman (University of California at San Diego), Mark H. Johnson (MRC Cognitive Development Unit, London), Annette Karmiloff–Smith (MRC Cognitive Development Unit, London), Domenico Parisi (National Research Council, Rome), and Kim Plunkett (Oxford University).

47. Intentionality: Gilbert Harman (Princeton University).

48. Levels of Explanation and Cognition Architectures: Robert N. McCauley (Emory University).

49. Modularity: Irene Appelbaum (University of Mantana).

50. Representation and Computation: Robert S. Stufflebeam (University of Tulsa).

51. Representations: Dorrit Billman (Georgia Institute of Technology).

52. Rules: Terence Horgan (University of Memphis) and John Tienson (University of Memphis).

53. Stage Theories Refuted: Donald G. Mackay (University of California at Los Angeles).

Part VI: Cognitive Science in the Real World:.

54. Education: John T. Bruer (James S. McDonnell Foundation, St Louis).

55. Ethics: Mark L. Johnson (University of Oregon).

56. Everyday Life Environments: Alex Kirlik (Georgia Institute of Technology).

57. Institutions and Economics: Douglass C. North (Washington University in St Louis).

58. Legal Reasoning: Edwina L. Rissland (University of Massachusetts at Amherst).

59. Mental Retardation: Norman W. Bray (University of Alabama at Birmingham), Kevin D. Reilly (University of Alabama at Birmingham), Lisa F. Huffman ((University of Alabama at Birmingham), Lisa A. Grupe (University of Alabama at Birmingham), Mark F. Villa (University of Alabama at Birmingham), Kathryn L. Fletcher (University of Miami) , and Vivek Anumolu (CompuWare, Inc., Milwaukee).

60. Science: William F. Brewer (University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign) and Punyashloke Mishra (University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign).

Selective Biographies of Major Contributors to Cognitive Science: William Bechtel (Washington University in St Louis) and Tadeusz Zawidzki (Washington University in St Louis).

Author Index.

Subject Index.

O autorze

William Bechtel is Associate Director of the Philosophy–Neuroscience–Psychology Program at Washington University in St Louis. He is editor of the journal Philosophical Psychology and the author of numerous books and papers in the philosophy of cognitive science and related subject areas. These include: How to do Things With Logic, with C. Grant Luckhardt, (1994); Discovering Complexity: Decomposition and Localization as Strategies in Scientific Research, with R. C. Richardson, (1993); Connectionism and the Mind: An Introduction to Parallel Processing in Networks, with Adele Abrahamsen, (Blackwell, 1991; second edition 1999), Philosophy of Mind: An overview for Cognitive Science (1988), and Philosophy of Science: An Overview for Cognitive Science (1988).

George Graham is Professor and Chair of the Department of Philosophy, and Professor of Psychology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. He is the co–author of Philosophy Then and Now, with N. Scott Arnold and T. M. Benditt, (Blackwell, 1998), author of Philosophy of Mind (Blackwell 1993, second edition 1998), and editor of Philosophical Psychopathology, with G. L. Stephens, (1994), and Person to Person, with H. LaFollette, (1989).

Blurb

Unmatched in the quality of its world–renowned contributors, this multidisciplinary Companion serves as both a course text and a reference book across the broad spectrum of issues of concern to cognitive science.

Cognitive science is one of the most exciting intellectual and scientific developments of the second half of the 20th century, integrating insights from psychology, linguistics, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, philosophy, and other disciplines in an attempt to understand human cognition. It is also a rapidly transforming domain of inquiry.

This Companion presents a deep and varied account of what one needs to know about cognitive science, what it has accomplished, and where it will be going at the start of the 21st century. Beginning with an introduction that maps the narrative history of cognitive science as a whole, the volume goes on to present sixty newly–commissioned essays that together provide an unparalleled survey of all the topical areas, major methods, and stances. There are explanatory overviews of key controversies, detailed discussions of the application of work in cognitive sciences to the real world, and anticipations of future developments.

A Companion to Cognitive Science can be seen as the ultimate resource guide to this fast–moving field of study.