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Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice: Pattern and Process
ISBN-13: 9781493927937 / Angielski / Twarda / 2015 / 482 str.
Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice: Pattern and Process
ISBN-13: 9781493927937 / Angielski / Twarda / 2015 / 482 str.
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This work provides in-depth analysis of the origins of landscape ecology and its close alignment with the understanding of scale, the causes of landscape pattern, and the interactions of spatial pattern with a variety of ecological processes.
Wydanie ilustrowane
"The book is still structured in a series of chapters well arranged both for a thorough introduction to the field and for an upper-level undergraduate or graduate university course. Each chapter concludes with a set of discussion questions and suggestions for further reading. ... I will be using this new edition in my landscape ecology class in the fall, and I suspect many others will be as well." (Joshua J. Lawler, Ecology, Vol. 98 (8), August, 2017)
"'Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice' is probably the most comprehensive and updated textbook in landscape ecology available today. It will provide a wonderful introduction to the core landscape principles and concepts for graduate and undergraduate students, but also for more experienced researchers and practitioners that need a review of the most relevant and recent knowledge in the field. This book will be useful not only to ecologists, but also for students from other fields ... ." (Jean Paul Metzger, Landscape Ecology, Vol. 32, 2017)
"This much-revised second edition reflects the burgeoning literature and new ideas in the intervening years. ... The book is primarily directed to students in ecology, but conservation biology, resource management, landscape architecture and land planning will also find topics of interest here. ... it undoubtedly a fine piece of work by two leading ecologists that deserves to be read and savoured by anyone with an interest in the field of landscape ecology." (The Bulletin, Vol. 47 (2), June, 2016)
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction to Landscape Ecology and Scale
What is Landscape Ecology?
Roots of Landscape Ecology
Intellectual Foundations of Landscape Ecology
Landscape Ecology Matures
Scale and Heterogeneity
Scale Terminology
Hierarchy Theory and Cross-scale Interactions
Upscaling and Downscaling
Objectives of this Book
Summary
Discussion Questions
Recommended Readings
Chapter 2. Causes of Landscape Pattern
Four Key Drivers of Landscape Pattern
The Abiotic Template
Biotic Interactions
Human Land Use
Disturbance and Succession
Landscape Legacies and the Role of History
Why is it Still Difficult to Explain and Predict Landscape Change?
Multivariate Interacting Drivers
Thresholds and Nonlinearites
Social-ecological Systems
Limited Ability to Perform Exeriments
Summary
Discussion Questions
Recommended Readings
Chapter 3. Introduction to Models
What are Models and Why do we use them?
What is a Model?
Why Landscape Ecologists Need Models
Strategy for Developing Models
Define the Problem and Develop a Conceptual Model
Tactics for Making the Model Work
Neutral Landscape Models
Neutral Models in Ecology
Neutral Models in Landscape Ecology
Insights and Applications of NLMs
Summary
Discussion Questions
Recommended Readings
Chapter 4. Landscape Metrics
Why Quantify Pattern?
Data Used in Landscape Analyses
A Comment on Spatial Data Accuracy
Caveats for Landscape Pattern Analysis, or “READ THIS FIRST”
#1 The Classification Scheme is Critical
#2 Scale Matters and Must be Defined
#3 A Patch is not a Patch
#4 Many Metrics are Correlated with one Another (and thus Redundant)
#5 There is no Single, Magic Metric
Metrics for Quantifying Landscape Pattern
Metrics of Landscape Composition
Metrics of Spatial Configuration
Fractals
Measures of Landscape Texture
Measures of Landscape Connectivity
Landscape Metrics: What is the State of the Science?
What Constitutes a “Significant” Difference in Landscape Pattern?
Making Sense out of Multiple Metrics
Metrics and Landscape Indicators
Some Additional Practical Advice and Parting Words
Summary
Discussion Questions
Recommended Readings
Chapter 5. Spatial Statistics
Why do Landscape Ecologists use Spatial Statistics?
Spatial Independence
Nature of Spatial Structure
Spatial Interpolation
Caveats for Using Spatial Statistics, or “READ THIS FIRST”
#1 The Spatial Dependence in Landscape Data must be Characterized and Considered
#2 Spatial Autocorrelation is Not Always a Problem
#3 Coincidence of Scales of Spatial Dependence Among Multiple Variables does not Prove Causality
#4 Scale Always Matters
#5 Stationarity is an Important Assumption in Many Spatial Statistical Analyses
#6 Interpreting Spatial Statistics is both a Science and an Art
Point Pattern Analysis
Autocorrelation and Variography
Spatial Autocorrelation
Variography
Cross-correlograms and Co-variograms
Optimized Sampling Designs for Spatial Statistics
Examples of Spatial Statistics in Landscape Ecology
Selected Software Resources for Spatial Statistics
Summary
Discussion Questions
Recommended Readings
Chapter 6. Landscape Disturbance Dynamics
Disturbance and Disturbance Regimes
Effects of Landscape Heterogeneity on Disturbance
Landscape Position and Vulnerability to Disturbance
Effects of Landscape Heterogeneity on Spread of Disturbance
Landscape Epidemiology
Effects of Disturbance on Landscape Heterogeneity
The Disturbance-generated Mosaic
Disturbance and Spatial Patterns of Succession
Integrating Disturbance and Succession in Space and Time
Disturbance and the Historic Range of Variability
Concepts of Landscape Equilibrium
Looking Ahead: Interacting Disturbances and Changing Disturbance Regimes
Compound and Linked Disturbances
Changes in Climate and Disturbance Regimes
Summary
Discussion Questions
Recommended Readings
Chapter 7. Organisms and Landscape Pattern
Conceptual Development of Organism-Space Interactions
What is Habitat?
Behavioral Landscape Ecology
Scale Matters
Effects of Organisms on Landscape Heterogeneity
Responses of Organisms to Landscape Heterogeneity
General Insights, from Patch to Landscape
Landscape Heterogeneity and Species Interactions
Predator-prey Interactions
Natural Enemies and Pollination in Agricultural Landscapes
Community Structure
Landscape Ecology of Species Invasions
Landscape GeneticsSummary
Discussion Questions
Recommended Readings
Chapter 8. Ecosystem Processes in Heterogeneous Landscapes
Conceptual Frameworks – Ecosystem Processes in Heterogeneous Landscapes
Theoretical Development
A Practical Framework
Point Processes (Vertical Fluxes)
Biomass, Net Primary Production and Carbon
Landscape Biogeochemistry
Landscape Limnology
Lateral Fluxes (Horizontal Transport)
Redistribution of Litter and Organic Matter
Nutrient Loading to Aquatic Ecosystems
Mobile Animals and Species Interactions
State of the Science: Challenges and Opportunities
Summary
Discussion Questions
Recommended Readings
Chapter 9. Landscape Dynamics in a Rapidly Changing World
Landscape Indicators
Climate Change
Migration in Response to Climate Change
Climate Effects on Disturbances
Land-use Change and Landscape Scenarios
Landscape Scenarios
Land-use Synthesis
Ecosystem Services and Landscape Sustainability
Landscape Heterogeneity and Ecosystem Services
Interactions Among Ecosystem Services
Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity
Ecosystem Services: Synthesis
Summary
Discussion Questions
Recommended Readings
Chapter 10. Conclusions and Future Directions
What Has Been Learned from Landscape Ecology?
Future Directions
Future Directions Revisited from the 1st Edition
Looking Ahead
Training the Next Generation of Landscape Ecologists
Conclusion
Discussion Questions
Recommended Readings
Monica G. Turner
Eugene P. Odum Professor of Ecology
Department of Zoology
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Madison, WI 53706
turnermg@wisc.edu
Tel. 608-262-2592
Robert H. Gardner
Professor Emeritus
Appalachian Lab
University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science
Frostburg, MD 21532
rhgardner99@gmail.com
Tel. 707-230-5106
This work provides in-depth analysis of the origins of landscape ecology and its close alignment with the understanding of scale, the causes of landscape pattern, and the interactions of spatial pattern with a variety of ecological processes. The text covers the quantitative approaches that are applied widely in landscape studies, with emphasis on their appropriate use and interpretation.
The field of landscape ecology has grown rapidly during this period, its concepts and methods have matured, and the published literature has increased exponentially. Landscape research has enhanced understanding of the causes and consequences of spatial heterogeneity and how these vary with scale, and they have influenced the management of natural and human-dominated landscapes. Landscape ecology is now considered mainstream, and the approaches are widely used in many branches of ecology and are applied not only in terrestrial settings but also in aquatic and marine systems. In response to these rapid developments, an updated edition of Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice provides a synthetic overview of landscape ecology, including its development, the methods and techniques that are employed, the major questions addressed, and the insights that have been gained.”
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