Principles of Paediatric Pharmacology

ISBN-13: 9781468475463 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 408 str.

George Morrison Maxwell; George Morrison Maxwell

Opis

Pharmacology is fundamental for therapeutics. This is well recognised in the field of internal medicine, for which pharmacological textbooks abound. Paediatric pharmacology however, has largely been viewed as a subsection of general medicine. This is incorrect: it should be seen as a separate and important entity. This book is written from the viewpoint of a paediatrician, but it is addressed to all who have responsibility for the care of children, parti- cularly physicians and pharmacists. As the latter may lack familiarity with certain diseases of children, I have added a clinical appendix in certain pertinent areas. My approach in each chapter has been to show the interdependence of physiology and pharmacology. Thus I make no apology for providing a physiological review for most topics. Each chapter is reasonably self-contained. I have presumed that a majority of readers will most often go directly to that section relevant to their immediate requirements, and therefore I have sometimes had to restate important points in more than one place. Nevertheless, for the cover- to-cover reader, there will not be an excess of repetition. Since this is not a textbook of adult therapeutics, there will be no discussion of such things as coronary vasodilators. Likewise, the obstetric pharmacology of parturition has been omitted, although I have thoroughly covered the pharmacological problems of the fetus and the infant. I am greatly obliged to generations of my students, both under- graduate and postgraduate.

Spis treści

1. Principles of Drug Action and Disposition.- Chemical Identity of Drugs.- Bonding Mechanisms.- Absorption of Drugs.- Distribution of Drugs.- The Biotransformation of Drugs.- The Excretion of Drugs.- 2. Elementary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics.- Pharmacokinetics.- Pharmacodynamics.- 3. The Pharmacology of the Fetus and Placenta.- The Placenta.- The Fetus.- The Effects of Drugs Upon the Fetus.- Fetal Pharmacokinetics.- Teratology.- 4. The Pharmacology of the Perinatal Period.- Intrapartum Phase.- Postpartum Phase.- The Pharmacology of Specific Drugs used in the Newborn.- Drugs and Breast Feeding.- 5. The Pharmacology of the Older Child.- Influence of Physiological Factors on Drug Absorption and Bioavailability.- The Effect of Disease on Drug Absorption and Bioavailability.- Conditions Affecting the Binding, Metabolism and Excretion of Drugs.- Drug Metabolism.- Drug Excretion.- 6. The Central Nervous System.- Anatomy and Organisation.- The Psychotropic Agents.- Sedatives and Hypnotics.- Analgesics.- The Anti-convulsant Drugs.- Drugs Affecting the Central Control of Muscle Function.- Anaesthesia.- Clinical Appendix.- 7. The Peripheral Nervous System.- The Autonomic System.- The Physiology of Smooth Muscle.- Drugs Affecting Neuro-muscular Transmission.- 8. The Cardiovascular System.- The Physiology of Cardiac Contraction.- Cardiotonic Drugs.- Cardiotoxic Drugs.- The Physiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm.- Disturbance of Cardiac Rate and Rhythm.- Drugs Used to Treat Arrhythmias.- Drug Induced Arrthymias.- The Physiology of Blood-pressure Control.- Antihypertensive Drugs.- Drugs Causing Systemic Hypertension.- Pulmonary Hypertension.- Clinical Appendix.- 9. The Alimentary System.- The Physiology of the Mouth, Salivary Glands and Oesophagus.- The Physiology of the Stomach.- The Physiology of the Lower Bowel.- Drugs which Act Upon the Gastrointestinal System.- The Pancreas.- The Liver and Bile Ducts.- Clinical Appendix.- 10. The Respiratory System.- The Physiology of the Respiratory System.- Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System.- Clinical Appendix.- 11. The Urinary System.- The Physiology of the Kidney.- Drugs Affecting the Kidney.- The Physiology of the Bladder.- Drugs Affecting Bladder Function.- Clinical Appendix.- 12. The Haemopoietic System.- The Physiology of the Red Cell.- Physiology of the Leucocytes.- Haemostasis.- The Fibrinolytic System and Thrombolysis.- 13. The Endocrine System.- The Hypothalamic/Pituitary Complex.- The Pituitary.- The Adrenal Gland.- Inhibitors of Adrenal Steroid Synthesis.- The Thyroid.- The Pancreas.- Androgens and Anabolic Steroids.- Progestogens and Oestrogens.- Agents Affecting Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism.- Clinical Appendix.- 14. The Pharmacology of the Skin.- Anatomy and Function.- Variations and Diseases.- Treatment with Drugs.- Skin Disinfectants and Antiseptics.- Drugs Which Cause Skin Disease.- 15. The Pharmacology of the Eye.- Structure and Function.- Drug Treatments.- Mydriatics.- Drug Treatment of Glaucoma.- Drug Effects Upon Ocular Function.- 16. General and Specific Chemotherapy.- Antimicrobial Agents.- Drugs Used to Treat Protozoal Infection and Infestation by Multicellular Organisms.- Chemotherapy of Neoplastic Disorders.- 17. Immunity and its Modification by Drugs.- Normal Mechanisms of Immunity.- Active Immunisation.- Passive Immunisation.- Adjuvants of the Immune Response.- Immunosuppressants.- Immune Tolerance.- Hypersensitivity Responses.- Drug Therapy of Hypersensitivity.- Drugs Used in Inflammation.- 18. Ethics and Problems of Clinical Trials in Children.- Some Types of Clinical Trials.- Suggestions for Further Reading.