Genetics and the Law III

ISBN-13: 9781468449549 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 514 str.

Aubrey Milunsky

Opis

It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, ... it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair. . . . -Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities Dickens, of course, did not have the contemporary dilemmas of modern genetics in mind. Indeed, we need to remind ourselves how short the history of modern genetics really is. Recognition that genetic traits are carried by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) occurred only about 40 years ago. Knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of DNA is only about 30 years old. The correct number of human chromosomes was not deter mined until the mid-1950s, and Down syndrome was recognized only in 1959. It was not until in 1968 that the exact location of a gene was determined on an autosomal chromo some, and the study of genes, rather than their protein products, has been possible for barely a decade."

Spis treści

Biotechnology: Boon or Bane?.- The Future of Genetic Manipulation.- 1. Can We Cure Genetic Disorders?.- 2. Regulating Genetic Technology: Values in Conflict.- 3. Unsplicing the Gordian Knot: Legal and Ethical Issues in the “New Genetics”.- Discussion.- The University-Industry-Government Complex.- 4. The Academic-Corporate Merger in Medicine: A Two-Edged Sword.- 5. The Corporate Capture of Academic Science and Its Social Costs.- 6. The Double Helix and the Research Triangle: University-Industry-Government.- Discussion.- Human Applications of Genetic Engineering.- 7. Commerce and the Future of Gene Transfer.- 8. The Human Problem of Human Genetic Engineering.- Discussion.- 9. Mapping the Human Genome Using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms.- 10. Mapping the Human Genome: Problems of Privacy and Free Choice.- 11. Genetic Alteration of Embryos: The Ethical Issues.- Discussion.- New Ways of Making Babies: Brave New World.- Laboratories for Babies-Aubrey.- 12. Legal Regulation of Artificial Insemination and the New Reproductive Technologies: The Search for Clarification Continues.- 13. Social Policy Considerations in Noncoital Reproduction.- 14. Social Justice in New Reproductive Techniques.- Discussion.- Having Other Peoples Babies.- 15. Surrogate Motherhood: Legal and Legislative Issues.- 16. Ethical Issues in Human in Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer.- 17. Eugenic Sterilization in the United States.- Discussion.- Protecting The Vulnerable: At What Cost?.- Decisions about Seriously Ill Neonates.- 18. “Infant Doe”: Federal Regulations of the Newborn Nursery Are Born.- 19. Authorizing Death for Anomalous Newborns: Ten Years Later.- 20. Protecting Handicapped Newborns: Who’s in Charge and Who Pays?.- Discussion.- The Fetus, the Mother, and the State.- 21. Abortion: A Decade of Decisions.- 22. Should Child Abuse Laws Be Extended to Include Fetal Abuse?.- 23. The Fetus as Patient: A Philosophical and Ethical Perspective.- Discussion.- Treatment or Avoidance of Genetic Disease.- New Capabilities, New Issues.- 24. Prenatal Diagnosis: New Tools, New Problems.- 25. Perspectives on Fetal Surgery: On the Road from Experimentation to Therapy (and What to Do When We Arrive).- 26. The Ethics of Fetal Surgery.- Discussion.- Genetics, Fetal Medicine, and Social Justice.- 27. Sociomedical and Ethical Dilemmas in Fetal Medicine.- 28. Genetic Disease, Government, and Social Justice.- 29. The Regulation of Alpha-Fetoprotein Test Kits by the Food and Drug Administration.- Discussion.- The Role of Government.- 30. The Biotechnology Industry: Impact of Federal Research and Regulatory Policies.- 31. Governmental Responsibilities and Genetic Disease.- 32. Legislative Regulation of Fetal Experimentation: On Negotiating Compromise in Situations of Ethical Pluralism.- Discussion.- Monitoring and Screening for Genetic Risks.- 33. How Can We Best Evaluate, and Compensate for, Genetic Hazards in the Environment and Workplace.- 34. Just When You Thought It Was Safe: An Update on the Risks of Recombinant DNA Technology.- 35. Charting the Future Course for Corporate Management of Genetic and Other Health Risks.- Discussion.- Selected Additional Bibliography: Books.- Selected Additional Bibliography: Journals.