Calcium and Cellular Secretion

ISBN-13: 9781468442199 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 288 str.

Ronald P. Rubin

Opis

Since the publication of my previous monograph in 1974, important progress has been made in the broad area of calcium research, partic ularly as it pertains to secretory phenomena. The significant advance in methodology, while widening the scope of our knowledge, has caused research in this particular area to become more and more specialized. It has, therefore, become increasingly difficult for researchers to consider and evaluate work outside their own areas of specialization and to com prehend the field from a broad perspective. While many valuable re views on the importance of calcium in cellular function are being pro duced, they have not attempted to pull together all of the existing knowledge into a more general narrative. This volume brings together experimental data and theories from diverse sources, and attempts to synthesize into a broad conceptual framework the massive amount of specialized information that presently exists in the general area of cal cium metabolism and the secretory process. It is impossible in a book of this length to discuss specific references in detail and still maintain readability, so generalizations must be made."

Spis treści

1 General Introduction.- A. Biological Importance of Calcium.- 1. Cellular Functions of Calcium.- B. Methods for Analysis and Tissue Concentrations of Calcium.- 1. Subcellular Distribution.- a. Photoproteins.- b. Metallochromic Indicators.- c. Calcium-Selective Electrodes.- C. Redistribution of Calcium during Stimulation.- 1. Influx of Extracellular Calcium.- 2. Fast and Slow Channels.- 3. Depolarization as a Prelude to Calcium Entry.- 4. Release of Intracellular Calcium.- D. Regulation of Cell Calcium.- 1. Calcium Binding by Mitochondria.- 2. Calcium Binding by Microsomes.- 3. Calcium Extrusion Mechanisms.- E. Calcium and the Regulation of Membrane Permeability.- 1. Membrane Stabilization.- 2. Activation of Membrane Permeability.- 3. Biochemical Description of the Calcium Channel.- F. Calcium Ionophores.- G. Calcium Antagonists.- 1. Verapamil, D-600, and Nifedipine.- 2. Lanthanum and Other Polyvalent Cations.- 3. Local Anesthetics.- H. Summary and Conclusions.- 2 Survey of Calcium Action in Stimulus-Secretion Coupling.- A. General Features of the Secretory Process.- 1. The Secretory Granule.- 2. Exocytotic versus Nonexocytotic Secretion.- B. Historical Development of the Concept of Stimulus-Secretion Coupling.- 1. Cholinergic Nerves.- 2. Adrenal Medulla.- 3. Neurohypophysis.- C. Other Neuronal Systems.- 1. Adrenergic Synapses.- 2. Other Peripheral Synapses (Excitatory and Inhibitory).- 3. Central Synapses.- D. Histamine Release from Mast Cells.- E. Lysosomal Enzyme Release from Neutrophils.- F. Blood Platelet Release Reaction.- G. Exocrine Secretion.- 1. Exocrine Pancreas.- 2. Salivary Glands.- 3. Lacrimal Glands.- H. Gastric Secretion.- I. Endocrine Secretion.- 1. Insulin, Glucagon, and Somatostatin.- 2. Anterior Pituitary Hormones.- a. Gonadotropin.- b. Growth Hormone.- c. Corticotropin.- d. Thyrotropin.- e. Prolactin.- 3. Hypothalamic-Pituitary Releasing Hormones and Gut Peptides.- 4. Thyroid Hormone.- 5. Steroid Hormones (Cortical and Gonadal).- a. Corticosteroids.- b. Mineralocorticoids.- c. Gonadal Steroids.- 6. Parathyroid Hormone.- 7. Calcitonin.- 8. Renin.- J. Perspective.- 3 Nature of the Role of Calcium in Secretion.- A. Membrane Fusion.- B. Energy Metabolism and Secretion.- C. Microtubule, Microfilament System.- D. Secretion as a Contractile Event.- E. Calcium-Binding Proteins.- F. Phospholipid Metabolism.- 4 Interaction of Calcium with Other Putative Mediators.- A. Analysis of the Role of Cyclic AMP in Secretion.- 1. Cyclic AMP as a Second Messenger.- 2. Calcium Regulation of Adenylate Cyclase.- 3. Calcium Regulation of Phosphodiesterase.- 4. Cyclic AMP Regulation of Calcium Metabolism.- 5. Cyclic AMP Action at the Molecular Level.- B. Analysis of the Role of Cyclic GMP in Secretion.- 1. Cyclic GMP as a Second Messenger.- 2. Calcium and Cyclic GMP Interactions.- C. Analysis of the Role of Prostaglandins in Secretion.- 1. Prostaglandins as Second Messengers.- 2. Calcium and Prostaglandin Production.- 3. Calcium and Prostaglandin Action.- Epilogue.- References.