Taurine: Nutritional Value and Mechanisms of Action

ISBN-13: 9781461365204 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 456 str.

John B. Lombardini; Stephen W. Schaffer; Junichi Azuma

Opis

The underlying philosophy of these two symposia on taurine remains the same as all those that have been held previously: the best way to remain current in the subject matter is to talk directly with the investigators at the forefront of the field. Thus, we brought together some 50 individuals from 11 different countries who have keen interests and active research programs in the many-faceted areas of taurine research. The meetings were held on October 8-10, 1991, in an elegant setting in a resort area at Orange Beach, Alabama, approximately 50 miles outside of Mobile on the Gulf Coast. The meetings were programmed as two separate Symposia held sequentially. The first symposia on October 8 was devoted exclusively to taurine research in the cat, primarily in the area of nutrition, and entitled "The Waltham Symposium on Taurine and Cat Nutrition." The second symposia on October 9 and 10 was open to all fields of taurine research and was entitled "International Taurine Symposium: New Dimensions on its Mechanisms of Actions." If the philosophy of these meetings was to bring both experts and novices together in a discussion and presentation of current taurine research, then the major purpose of the Proceedings is to document the current research efforts and to present an objective summary of where the taurine field stands today and where the focus will be in the future.

Spis treści

Review: Taurine Deficiency and the Cat.- Taurine Synthesis in Cat and Mouse In Vivo and In Vitro.- Amino Acid Interaction with Taurine Metabolism in Cats.- The Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Cysteic Acid on the Plasma Taurine Concentration of Cats Maintained on a Taurine-Restricted Diet.- The Metabolic Basis for the Taurine Requirement of Cats.- Intestinal Taurine and the Enterohepatic Circulation of Taurocholic Acid in the Cat.- Urinary Excretion of Taurine as a Function of Taurine Intake: Potential for Estimating Taurine Bioavailability in the Adult Cat.- Dilated Cardiomyopathy Associated with Taurine Deficiency in the Domestic Cat: Relationship to Diet and Myocardial Taurine Content.- Reduction of Intrinsic Contractile Function of the Left Ventricle by Taurine Deficiency in Cats.- “Activation” of Alveolar Leukocytes Isolated from Cats Fed Taurine-free Diets.- High Dietary Taurine and Feline Reproduction.- Taurine Distribution in the Cat Muscle: An Immunohistochemical Study.- Review: Myocardial Physiological Effects of Taurine and Their Significance.- Sarcolemmal Actions of Taurine Linked to Altered Phospholipid N-methylation.- Taurine Effects on Ionic Currents in Myocardial Cells.- Taurine Attenuates Contracture Induced by Perfusion with Low Sodium, High Calcium Medium in Chick Hearts.- Effect of Taurine on Intracellular Calcium Dynamics of Cultured Myocardial Cells During the Calcium Paradox.- Intracellular Effects of Taurine: Studies on Skinned Cardiac Preparations.- Effects of Taurine Deficiency on Arrhythmogenesis and Excitation-contraction Coupling in Cardiac Tissue.- Taurine Potentiates the Antiaggregatory Action of Aspirin and Indomethacin.- Antiarrhythmic Action of Taurine.- Mechanism Underlying Physiological Modulation of Myocardial Contraction by Taurine.- Effects of Taurine Depletion on Membrane Electrical Properties of Rat Skeletal Muscle.- Regression of Taurine Depletion in Rhesus Monkeys Deprived of Dietary Taurine Throughout the First Year.- Taurine Transport in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex During Development and Ageing.- Phospholipids, Phospholipid Methylation and Taurine Content in Synaptosomes of Developing Rat Brain.- The Effect of Taurine on the Age-related Decline of the Immune Response in Mice: the Restorative Effect on the T Cell Proliferative Response to Costimulation with Ionomycin and Phorbol Myristate Acetate.- Effects of Taurine Deficiency on Immune Function in Mice.- Review: Recent Studies on Taurine in the Central Nervous System.- Pathologies of the CNS and Associated Taurine Changes.- Taurine Receptor: Kinetic Analysis and Pharmacological Studies.- Evoked Endogenous Taurine Release from Cultured Cerebellar Neurons.- Effect of Hepes on the Uptake of Taurine by Cultured Nervous Cells.- The Trophic Role of Taurine in the Retina. A Possible Mechanism of Action.- Endogenous Regulation of the Taurine Receptor.- Localization of Taurine and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in Human Optic Nerve Using Immunocytochemical Techniques.- Effects of Taurine on Protein Phosphorylation in Mammalian Tissues.- Taurine Protection of Lungs in Hamster Models of Oxidant Injury: a Morphologic Time Study of Paraquat and Bleomycin Treatment.- Taurine and Niacin Offer a Novel Therapeutic Modality in Prevention of Chemically-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Hamsters.- Taurine Protects Against Oxidant Injury to Rat Alveolar Pneumocytes.- The Protective Effect of Taurine on the Biomembrane Against Damage Produced by the Oxygen Radical.- Volume Regulatory Fluxes in Glial and Renal Cells.- Cell Volume Changes and Taurine Release in Cerebral Cortical Slices.- L-Glutamate-induced Swelling of Cultured Astrocytes.- Taurine and Volume Regulation in Isolated Nerve Endings.- Hyperosmolarity and Taurine Content, Uptake and Release in Astrocytes.- GABA and Taurine Serve as Respectively a Neurotransmitter and an Osmolyte in Cultured Cerebral Cortical Neurons.- Potassium-stimulated Release of Taurine in A Crude Retinal Preparation Obtained from the Rat Is Calcium Independent.- Characteristics of Taurine Transport in Cultured Renal Epithelial Cell Lines: Asymmetric Polarity of Proximal and Distal Cell Lines.- Metabolism of Cysteine to Taurine by Rat Hepatocytes.- Recent Developments in Assays for Taurine, Hypotaurine and Some Metabolic Precursors.- Anion-exchange HPLC of Taurine, Cysteinesulfinate and Cysteic Acid.- Hypotaurine in Male Reproduction.- Contributors.