Physics of Societal Issues: Calculations on National Security, Environment, and Energy

ISBN-13: 9781441930569 / Angielski / Miękka / 2010 / 508 str.

David W. Hafemeister

Opis

Physics of Societal Issues is a textbook for all those who wish to discuss the fundamental issues of energy use, nuclear weapons, and the environment using facts and figures instead of slogans and postures. It will provide the reader with the tools and insights needed to analyze many complex issues with insights gained from informed estimates and simple calculations. Taking his inspiration from Fermi's famous "back of the envelope" calculations, Hafemeister shows how to capture the essence of a problem in rough estimates of the important parameters and then to use those estimates to gauge the effects of policy decisions. Hafemeister draws on dozens of years of experience working on just these issues in the US Senate, the national Academy of Sciences, and several Federal agencies, as well as the Lawrence-Berkeley, Los Alamos, and Argonne national laboratories to provide details and examples as well as insight into the issues needed to plan public policy. The book is divided into three parts, each treating an area in which physics plays a major role: - National security: nuclear weapons and their effects, missile defenses, arms control and verification, and nuclear proliferation and terrorism - The environment: pollution dispersal and control, radioactive pollution, climate change, and the epidemiology of electromagnetic radiation - Energy: estimating energy resources and use, use of energy in buildings and for transportation, renewable energy sources, and the economics of energy use. Each chapter includes numerous problems to challenge the reader and to extend the discussion. It is the only equation-oriented book for physics seniors and gradutate students that covers the three main physics and society issues.

Recenzje

Aus den Rezensionen:

"... Dieses 500-seitige Kompendium voller Gleichungen, Zahlen und Tabellen behandelt in drei getrennten Sektionen ... Dem Autor gelingt es, zentrale gesellschaftliche Fragen mit der Anwendung physikalischer Formeln zu durchdringen. ... Mathematisch vorausgesetzt werden solide Kenntnisse eines naturwissenschaftlichen Grundstudiums. ... Das Werk sollte in keiner Bibliothek oder auf keiner Literaturliste von Seminaren fehlen, welche die genannten Problemfelder behandeln ..." (Dr. Götz Neuneck, in: Physik Journal, 2008, Vol. 7, Issue 4, S. 50)

Spis treści

Part I: National Security - 1 - Nuclear Weapons / 2 - The Offense: Missiles and War Games / 3 - The Defense: ABM/SDI/BMD/NMD / 4 - Verification and Arms Control Treaties / 5 - Nuclear Proliferation Part II: Environment - 6 - Air and Water Pollution / 7 - Radioactive Pollution / 8 - Climate Change / 9 - EM-Fields and Epidemiology Part III: Energy 10 - The Energy Situation / 11 - Energy in Buildings / 12 - Solar Buildings / 13 - Renewable Energy / 14 - Enhanced-End-Use Efficiency / 15 - Transportation / 16 - Energy Economics Appendices: A. Nuclear Arms Chronology / B. Energy/Environment Chronology / C. Units / D. WWW Sites / E. Symbols / F. Glossary / G. Index

O autorze

David Hafemeister is Professor (emeritus) of Physics at California Polytechnic State University. He has also had an impressive career in Washington as a Professional Staff Member:

Senate Committees on Foreign Relations and Governmental Affairs (1990-93 on arms control treaties at the end of the Cold War)

Science Advisor to Senator John Glenn (19775-77)

Special Assistant to Under Secretary of State Benson and Deputy Under-Secretary Nye (1977-78)

Visiting Scientist in the State Department’s Office of Nuclear Proliferation Policy (1979)

Office of Strategic Nuclear Policy (1987)

Study Director at the National Academy of Sciences (2000-02)

He has edited nine books, published more than 140 articles and was awarded the APS Szilard award in 1996.

Blurb

Why this book on the Physics of Societal Issues?  The subdivisions of physics - nuclear physics, particle physics, condensed-matter physics, biophysics - have their textbooks, while the subdivision of physics and society lacks an equation-oriented text on the physics of arms, energy and the environment.  Physics of Societal Issues is intended for undergraduate and doctoral students who may work on applied topics, or who simply want to know why things are the way they are.  Decisions guiding policies on nuclear arms, energy and the environment often seem mysterious and contradictory.  What is the science behind the deployment of MIRVed ICBMs, the quest for space-based beam weapons, the fear of powerline EM fields, the wholesale acceptance of SUVs, the issues of climactic change, and the failure of the pre-embargo market to produce buildings and appliances that now save over 50 power plants?  Physics of Societal Issues is three "mini-texts" in one:

National Security (5 chapters):  Weapons, offense, defense, verification, nuclear proliferation

Environment (4 chapters):  Air/water, nuclear, climate change, EM fields/epidemiology

Energy (7 chapters):  Current energy situation, buildings, solar buildings, renewables, enhanced end-use, transport, economics

"Straightforward calculations and supporting analysis can significantly shape public policy. This insight is needed in Congress and the Executive Branch. Hafemeister, a former Congressional fellow with wide Washington experience, has written a book for physicists, chemists and engineers who want to learn science and policy on weapons, energy, and the environment. Scientists who want to make a difference will want this book."

Richard Scribner, a Founder and first Director, Congressional Science and Engineering Fellow Program, AAAS

"Hafemeister shows how much one can understand about nuclear weapons and missile issues through simple back-of-the-envelope calculations. He also provides compact explanations of the partially successful attempts that have been made over the past 60 years to control these weapons of mass destruction. Hopefully, Physics of Societal Issues will help interest a new generation of physicists in continuing this work."

Frank von Hippel, Professor, Princeton University, former Assistant Director, National Security, White House, OSTP

"Energy policy must be quantitative. People who don't calculate economic trade-offs often champion simplistic hardware. ‘The solution is more .... nuclear power, or electric cars, or photovoltaics, etc.’ Some simple physics will show that the true solution matches supply and demand as an ‘integrated resource plan.’ Physics of Societal Issues is a good place to begin this journey."

Arthur Rosenfeld, California Energy Commissioner, Professor-emeritus, University of California-Berkeley

"Political analysis of public policies that ignores technical reality is about as useful as technical analysis that ignores political reality. In this book, David Hafemeister demonstrates a solid grasp of both the technical and political realities that have shaped US arms control and defense policy for the past five decades. This is a rare treat."

Dean Wilkening, Science Director, Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University