Guide to Ruminant Anatomy: Dissection and Clinical Aspects

ISBN-13: 9781119800835 / Angielski / Miękka / 2023 / 272 str.

Mansour

Spis treści

Contributor xvPreface xviiAcknowledgments xixAbout the Companion Website xxi1 The Head, Neck, and Vertebral Column 11.1 Skull 21.2 Mandible 91.3 Paranasal Sinuses 91.4 Vertebral Column 141.5 Teeth and Age Estimation of Cattle and Small Ruminants (Goats and Sheep) 151.5.1 Definitions and Criteria for Estimating the Age of Ruminants 211.5.2 Steps for Estimating the Age of Cattle 221.6 Joints of the Head 241.6.1 Temporomandibular Joint 241.6.2 Atlantooccipital Joint 241.6.3 Mandibular Symphysis 241.6.4 Vertebral Joints 251.7 Muscles of the Head 251.7.1 Cutaneous Muscles 271.7.2 Muscles of Facial Expression 271.7.3 Muscles of Mastication 281.7.4 Pharyngeal Muscles 281.7.4.1 Nomenclature of Pharyngeal Muscles 281.7.5 Laryngeal Muscles 281.7.6 Hyoid Muscles 291.7.7 Lingual Muscles 291.7.8 Extraocular Muscles 291.8 Blood Vessels, Lymph Nodes, and Nerves of the Head 301.8.1 Blood Vessels (Arteries and Veins) 301.8.2 Lymph Nodes of the Head and Neck 331.8.3 Nerves of the Head 351.9 Salivary Glands 391.10 The Pharynx 401.10.1 Oropharynx 401.10.2 Nasopharynx 401.10.3 Laryngopharynx 401.11 Tongue 401.12 The Larynx and Hyoid Apparatus 421.12.1 Larynx 421.12.2 Hyoid Apparatus 431.13 The Eye 431.13.1 Superficial Features of the Eye 441.13.2 Layers of the Eye 461.13.3 Sectioning of the Eyeball 481.13.4 Drainage Pathway of the Aqueous Humor 481.14 Neck Skeleton 481.15 Neck Muscles, Nerves, and Vessels 501.15.1 Neck Muscles 501.15.2 Nerves of the Neck 541.15.3 Blood Vessels of the Neck 551.16 Nuchal Ligament 561.17 Surface Topography (Head and Neck) 571.18 Lab ID List for the Head and Neck 602 The Thorax 632.1 Introduction 642.2 Bones of the Thorax 642.3 Thoracic Inlet 652.4 Basal Border of the Lung and Area for Lung Auscultation 662.5 Diaphragmatic Line of Pleural Reflection 662.6 Muscles of the Thoracic Wall 682.7 Pleura 712.7.1 Parietal Pleura 712.7.2 Visceral Pleura 722.7.3 Connecting Pleura 722.7.4 Content of the Pleural Cavity 722.7.5 Lung Lobes 722.7.6 Mediastinum 742.8 Vessels (Arteries and Veins) 742.8.1 Blood Circulation: An Overview 752.9 Major Veins of the Thorax 762.9.1 Cranial Vena Cava 762.9.2 Caudal Vena Cava 762.9.3 Azygos Veins (Left and Right) 772.10 Major Arteries of the Thorax 772.10.1 Brachiocephalic Trunk 772.10.2 Costocervical Trunk 782.10.3 Vertebral Artery 782.10.4 Superficial Cervical Artery 782.10.5 Internal Thoracic Artery 782.11 Lymphatic Structures 782.11.1 Thymus 792.11.2 Thoracic Duct 792.11.3 Mediastinal and Tracheobronchial Lymph Nodes 792.12 Nerves (Motor Somatic, Sympathetic, and Parasympathetic) 802.12.1 Phrenic Nerve 812.12.2 Autonomic Nerves in the Thorax 812.12.3 Vagus Nerve 812.12.4 Sympathetic Trunk and Sympathetic Ganglia 822.13 Heart (Cor) 822.13.1 Pericardium 822.13.2 External Features of the Heart 822.13.3 Interior of the Heart 852.14 Point of Maximum Intensity or Puncta Maxima 882.15 Lab ID List for the Thorax 883 The Abdomen 913.1 Lumbar Vertebrae 923.1.1 Bovine Lumbar Vertebrae 923.1.2 Goat and Sheep Lumbar Vertebrae 923.2 Ligaments of Lumbar Vertebrae 933.2.1 Supraspinous Ligament 933.2.2 Interspinous Ligaments 943.2.3 Intertransverse Ligaments 943.2.4 Yellow Ligaments (Interarcuate or Ligament Flava) 943.2.5 Dorsal and Ventral Longitudinal Ligaments 943.2.6 Intervertebral Disc 943.3 Abdominal Wall 943.3.1 Paralumbar Fossa 943.3.2 Nerves of the Paralumbar Fossa (Flank Anesthesia) 953.3.3 Cutaneus Trunci and Omobrachialis Muscles 983.3.4 Tunica Flava Abdominis 983.3.5 External Abdominal Oblique Muscle 983.3.6 Internal Abdominal Oblique Muscle 1013.3.7 Transversus Abdominis Muscle 1023.3.8 Rectus Abdominis Muscle 1023.3.9 Rectus Sheath 1023.4 Abdominal Cavity 1053.4.1 Dissection Plan 1053.4.2 Peritoneum 1053.4.3 Omentum 1073.4.4 Ruminant Stomach 1113.5 Intestines 1233.5.1 Small Intestine 1233.5.2 Large Intestine 1263.6 Other Abdominal Organs 1303.6.1 Liver 1303.6.2 Spleen 1303.6.3 Pancreas 1303.6.4 Kidney 1303.7 Vessels 1343.7.1 Arteries 1343.7.2 Veins 1363.7.3 Lymphatics 1363.8 Palpation of the Live Animal 1363.9 Lab ID List for the Abdomen 1374 The Pelvis and Reproductive Organs 1394.1 Bones of the Pelvis 1404.1.1 Os Coxae (Pelvic Bone) 1404.2 Sacrosciatic Ligament (Broad Sacrotuberous Ligament) 1414.3 Pelvic Peritoneal Pouches 1424.4 Urinary Bladder, Ureters, and Ligaments of the Bladder 1424.5 Male Genitalia 1444.5.1 Penis 1444.5.2 Male Urethra 1504.5.3 Prepuce 1534.5.4 Superficial Inguinal (Scrotal) Lymph Nodes 1534.5.5 Blood Supply to the Pelvic Viscera and Male Genitalia 1534.5.6 Testes 1554.5.7 Male Accessory Sex Glands 1584.6 Female Reproductive Tract 1594.6.1 Ovaries 1594.6.2 Uterine Tubes 1614.6.3 Uterine Horns 1624.6.4 Uterine Body 1624.6.5 Uterine Cervix 1644.6.6 Vagina 1644.6.7 Female Pudendum 1664.6.8 Blood Supply of the Female Genital Tract 1674.6.9 Udder 1694.7 Live Cow 1724.8 Lab ID List for the Pelvis and Reproductive Structures 1745 The Forelimb 1775.1 Introduction 1785.2 Bones of the Thoracic Limb 1785.2.1 Scapula 1785.2.2 Humerus 1805.2.3 Radius and Ulna 1815.2.4 Carpus (Proximal and Distal Rows) 1815.2.5 Metacarpal Bones (Large Metacarpal or Cannon Bone) 1835.2.6 Digits 1845.3 Muscles and Tendons of the Thoracic Limb 1855.3.1 Extrinsic Muscles of the Forelimb 1865.3.2 Intrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb 1905.4 Retinacula 2035.5 Carpal Canal 2035.6 Ligaments of the Digits 2035.6.1 Proximal Interdigital Ligament 2045.6.2 Distal Interdigital Ligament 2045.6.3 Annular Ligaments (Palmar, Proximal, and Distal Digital Annular Ligaments) 2045.6.4 Digital Annular Ligaments (Proximal and Distal) 2045.7 Hoof (Wall, Sole, Bulb, and White Line) 2055.8 Arteries and Nerves of the Thoracic Limb 2055.8.1 Nomenclature of Blood Vessels and Nerves in the Distal Limb 2065.9 Veins of the Forelimb 2075.10 Lymphatics of the Thoracic Limb 2095.11 Nerves of the Thoracic Limb 2095.11.1 Suprascapular Nerve 2105.11.2 Subscapular Nerve 2115.11.3 Axillary Nerve 2115.11.4 Musculocutaneous Nerve 2115.11.5 Radial Nerve 2115.11.6 Median and Ulnar Nerves 2125.12 Joints of the Forelimbs 2125.12.1 Shoulder Joint 2165.12.2 Elbow Joint 2175.12.3 Carpal Joints 2175.12.4 Digital Joints 2176 The Hind Limb 2196.1 Bones of the Hind Limb 2206.1.1 Os Coxae (Hip Bone) 2206.1.2 Femur (Thighbone) 2206.1.3 Bones of the Leg (Crus) 2236.1.4 Tarsal Bones 2246.1.5 Fused Metatarsals III and IV (Large Metatarsal Bone) 2256.1.6 Metatarsal Sesamoid Bone 2256.2 Muscles of the Pelvic Limb 2266.2.1 Muscles Acting on the Hip Joint 2266.2.2 Muscles Acting on the Stifle Joint 2336.2.3 Muscles Acting on the Hock and Digits 2346.3 Blood Vessels and Nerves of the Hind Limbs 2396.3.1 Overview of Arterial Blood Supply to the Whole Hind Limb 2406.3.2 Veins of the Hind Limb 2426.3.3 Lymphatic Structures of the Hind Limb 2426.3.4 Nerves of the Hind Limb 2446.4 Joints of the Hind Limb 2506.4.1 Hip Joint 2506.4.2 Stifle Joint 2506.4.3 Hock (or Tarsus) Joint 2516.5 Live Cow 2516.6 Lab ID List for Forelimb and Hind Limb 251Appendix A Dissection Instructions for a Goat Cadaver 255A.1 Dissection Labs 255A.2 Dissection of Goat Neck and Body Cavities (Labs, 1, 2, and 3) 255A.2.1 Removal of the Thoracic Limb 255A.2.2 Removal of the Pelvic (Hind) Limb 256A.2.3 Skinning of the Neck and Flank on the Side Where the Limbs Are Removed 256A.2.4 Opening the Thorax and Abdomen for Studying the Topography on the Left and Right Sides 257A.2.5 Thorax 258A.2.6 Abdomen (In Situ and on Extirpated Viscera) 259A.2.7 Dissection of Male and Female Pelvis (Lab 4) 260A.3 Head Dissection (Lab 5) 260A.4 Forelimb Dissection (Labs 6 and 7) 260A.5 Hind Limb Dissection (Labs 8 and 9) 261Videos Captions 261Appendix B Terminology: Common Terminology and Names 263Appendix C Further Reading 267Index 269

O autorze

Mahmoud Mansour, DVM, PhD, is an alumni Professor and course coordinator for large animal anatomy in the Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology in the College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama, USA.Ray Wilhite, MS, PhD, is Coordinator of the Gross Anatomy Lab in the Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology in the College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama, USA.Joe Rowe, DVM, is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology in the College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama, USA.Saly Hafiz, DVM, MS, PhD, is Research Assistant and Gross Anatomy Instructor in the Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology in the College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama, USA.