Systems Analysis and Design

ISBN-13: 9781119585855 / Angielski / Miękka / 2019 / 464 str.

Alan Dennis;Barbara Haley Wixom;Roberta M. Roth

Spis treści

Preface vPart 1 Planning Phase1 The Systems Analyst and Information Systems Development, 3Introduction, 4The Systems Analyst, 5Systems Analyst Skills, 5Systems Analyst Roles, 6The Systems Development Life Cycle, 7Planning, 10Analysis, 10Design, 11Implementation, 11Project Identification and Initiation, 12System Request, 14Applying the Concepts at DrMnTeq, 15Feasibility Analysis, 18Technical Feasibility, 19Economic Feasibility, 20Organizational Feasibility, 26Applying the Concepts at DrMnTeq, 29Chapter Review, 31Appendix 1A: Detailed Economic Feasibility Analysis for DrMnTeq, 352 Project Selection and Management, 37Introduction, 38Project Selection, 39Applying the Concepts at DrMnTeq, 40Creating the Project Plan, 41Project Methodology Options, 42Selecting the Appropriate Development Methodology, 49Estimating the Project Time Frame, 51Developing the Work Plan, 52Staffing the Project, 56Staffing Plan, 56Coordinating Project Activities, 59Managing and Controlling the Project, 62Refining Estimates, 62Managing Scope, 64Timeboxing, 64Managing Risk, 65Applying the Concepts at DrMnTeq, 66Staffing the Project, 68Coordinating Project Activities, 70Chapter Review, 70Appendix 2A: The Function Point Approach, 74Appendix 2B: Project Management Tools: The Gantt Chart and PERT Chart, 79Gantt Chart, 79PERT Chart, 79Part 2 Analysis Phase3 Requirements Determination, 85Introduction, 86The Analysis Phase, 86Requirements Determination, 88What Is a Requirement?, 88The Process of Determining Requirements, 92The Requirements Definition Statement, 92Requirements Elicitation Techniques, 94Requirements Elicitation in Practice, 94Interviews, 95Joint Application Development (JAD), 101Questionnaires, 105Document Analysis, 107Observation, 109Selecting the Appropriate Techniques, 110Requirements Analysis Strategies, 111Problem Analysis, 112Root Cause Analysis, 112Duration Analysis, 112Activity-Based Costing, 114Informal Benchmarking, 114Outcome Analysis, 114Technology Analysis, 115Activity Elimination, 116Comparing Analysis Strategies, 116Applying the Concepts at DrMnTeq, 116Eliciting and Analyzing Requirements, 116Requirements Definition, 117System Proposal, 119Chapter Review, 1194 Use Case Analysis, 124Introduction, 124What Is a Use Case?, 126The Use Case Concept in a Nutshell, 126Use Case Formats and Elements, 127Casual Use Case Format, 128Use Cases in Sequence, 130Fully Dressed Use Case Format, 130Applying Use Cases, 133Use Case Practical Tips, 133Use Cases and Functional Requirements, 133Use Cases and Testing, 134Creating Use Cases, 134Applying the Concepts at DrMnTeq, 144Identifying the Major Use Cases, 144Elaborating on the Use Cases, 145Chapter Review, 1505 Process Modeling, 153Introduction, 153Data Flow Diagrams, 154Reading Data Flow Diagrams, 154Elements of Data Flow Diagrams, 157Using Data Flow Diagrams to Define Business Processes, 159Process Descriptions, 164Creating Data Flow Diagrams, 164Creating the Context Diagram, 165Creating Data Flow Diagram Fragments, 166Creating the Level 0 Data Flow Diagram, 168Creating Level 1 Data Flow Diagrams (and Below), 169Validating the Data Flow Diagrams, 172Applying the Concepts at DrMnTeq, 176Developing the Process Model, 176Creating Data Flow Diagram Fragments, 176Creating the Level 1 Data Flow Diagram, 178Creating Level 2 Data Flow Diagrams (and Below), 180Validating the Data Flow Diagrams, 181Chapter Review, 1816 Data Modeling, 186Introduction, 187The Entity Relationship Diagram, 187Reading an Entity Relationship Diagram, 188Elements of an Entity Relationship Diagram, 189The Data Dictionary and Metadata, 194Creating an Entity Relationship Diagram, 196Building Entity Relationship Diagrams, 196Advanced Syntax, 199Applying the Concepts at Dro¯nTeq, 201Validating an Entity Relationship Diagram, 205Design Guidelines, 205Normalization, 208Balancing Entity Relationship Diagrams with Data Flow Diagrams, 208Chapter Review, 210Appendix 6A: Normalizing the Data Model, 213Part 3 Design Phase7 Moving into Design, 221Introduction, 222Transition from Requirements to Design, 222System Acquisition Strategies, 224Custom Development, 226Packaged Software, 227Outsourcing, 228Influences on the Acquisition Strategy, 231Business Need, 231In-House Experience, 232Project Skills, 233Project Management, 233Time Frame, 233Selecting an Acquisition Strategy, 233Alternative Matrix, 234Applying the Concepts at DrMnTeq, 236Chapter Review, 2388 Architecture Design, 240Introduction, 241Elements of an Architecture Design, 241Architectural Components, 241Client-Server Architectures, 242Client-Server Tiers, 243Server-Based Architecture, 245Mobile Application Architecture, 246Advances in Architecture Configurations, 247Comparing Architecture Options, 248Creating an Architecture Design, 249Operational Requirements, 249Performance Requirements, 250Security Requirements, 252Cultural and Political Requirements, 257Designing the Architecture, 259Hardware and Software Specification, 261Applying the Concepts at Dro¯nTeq, 263Creating an Architecture Design, 263Hardware and Software Specification, 264Chapter Review, 2659 User Interface Design, 268Introduction, 269The Usability Concept, 269Principles for User Interface Design, 270Layout, 270Content Awareness, 272Aesthetics, 273Usage Level, 273Consistency, 275Minimize User Effort, 276Special Issues of Touch Screen Interface Design, 276User Interface Design Process, 277Understand the Users, 278Organize the Interface, 280Define Standards, 283Interface Design Prototyping, 284Interface Evaluation/Testing, 286Navigation Design, 290Basic Principles, 290Menu Tips, 291Message Tips, 293Input Design, 296Basic Principles, 296Input Tips, 298Input Validation, 300Output Design, 300Basic Principles, 300Types of Outputs, 302Media, 304Applying the Concepts at DrMnTeq, 305Understand the Users, 305Organize the Interface, 305Define Standards, 306Interface Template Design, 306Develop Prototypes, 312Interface Evaluation/Testing, 313Chapter Review, 31310 Program Design, 318Introduction, 319Moving from Logical to Physical Process Models, 319The Physical Data Flow Diagram, 319Applying the Concepts at DrMnTeq, 322Designing Programs, 323Structure Chart, 326Syntax, 327Building the Structure Chart, 330Applying the Concepts at DrMnTeq, 332Design Guidelines, 336Program Specification, 342Syntax, 342Applying the Concepts at DrMnTeq, 345Chapter Review, 34811 Data Storage Design, 354Introduction, 355Data Storage Formats, 355Files, 356Databases, 358Selecting a Storage Format, 362Applying the Concepts at DrMnTeq, 364Moving from Logical to Physical Data Models, 365The Physical Entity Relationship Diagram, 365Revisiting the CRUD Matrix, 369Applying the Concepts at DrMnTeq, 369Optimizing Data Storage, 372Optimizing Storage Efficiency, 372Optimizing Access Speed, 374Estimating Storage Size, 379Applying the Concepts at DrMnTeq, 380Chapter Review, 382Part 4 Implementation Phase12 Moving into Implementation, 387Introduction, 387Managing the Programming Process, 388Assigning Programming Tasks, 388Coordinating Activities, 389Managing the Schedule, 390Testing, 390Test Planning, 392Unit Tests, 392Integration Tests, 395System Tests, 395Acceptance Tests, 395Developing Documentation, 397Types of Documentation, 398Designing Documentation Structure, 398Writing Documentation Topics, 400Identifying Navigation Terms, 401Applying the Concepts at DrMnTeq, 403Managing Programming, 403Testing, 403Developing User Documentation, 404Chapter Review, 40713 Transition to the New System, 409Introduction, 409Making the Transition to the New System, 410The Migration Plan, 411Selecting the Conversion Strategy, 412Preparing a Business Contingency Plan, 416Preparing the Technology, 417Preparing People for the New System, 418Understanding Resistance to Change, 418Revising Management Policies, 420Assessing Costs and Benefits, 420Motivating Adoption, 423Enabling Adoption: Training, 424Postimplementation Activities, 427System Support, 427System Maintenance, 428Project Assessment, 430Applying the Concepts at DrMnTeq, 432Implementation Process, 432Preparing the People, 432Postimplementation Activities, 432Chapter Review, 433Index 436