Steel Surfaces: A Guide to Alloys, Finishes, Fabrication, and Maintenance in Architecture and Art

ISBN-13: 9781119541622 / Angielski / Miękka / 2020 / 400 str.

L. William Zahner

Spis treści

PREFACECHAPTER 1 IntroductionIron and SteelHistoryEarly Architectural UsesWhat Defines SteelThe Important Steel Alloys for the DesignerLow Carbon SteelMedium Carbon SteelHigh Carbon SteelHigh Strength Low Alloy Steels - The Weathering SteelsEnameling SteelCast IronSteel Manufacture and ProductionSafety and Hygiene / RecycleCoatings on SteelA Material for ArtistsChoosing the Right SteelCHAPTER 2 AlloysIntroductionThe Alloy Numbering CodeAlloying ElementsCarbonOther ElementsTempersThe Wrought Alloys of IronWrought IronThe Wrought Alloys of SteelG10060G10080G10100A36 SteelG10180G10120The Weathering Steel Alloys - High Strength Low Alloy SteelsK11430K12043Other Steel AlloysThe Alloy SteelsG41300Tool SteelsCast AlloysGrey Cast IronWhite Cast IronMalleable Cast IronDuctile Cast IronCast SteelsCHAPTER 3 FinishesIntroductionThe Mill Surface of Sheet and Plate MaterialThe Carbon Steel SurfaceHot Rolled SurfaceHot Rolled Carbon Steel PlateHot Rolled Carbon Steel SheetCold Rolled Carbon Steel SheetCommercial SteelDrawing Steel and Forming SteelCold Rolled Structural SteelMill OilThe Nature of the Steel Surface FinishFinish Possibilities Available for SteelsProtective Oxide - The Weathering SteelsPreweathering - An Art and SciencePreweathering - Hot Rolled vs Cold Rolled SurfacesThe Controlled SurfaceInterior Uses of Weathering SteelGalvanized Steel SurfacesProtective Oxide - Bluing and DarkeningBluing of SteelBlackening of Galvanized SteelColor Tinting of Steel by HeatChromate treatmentsPainted Steel SurfacesSurfacing EffectsDamascene and Pattern Welded SteelLaying Down WeldCarved SteelCHAPTER 4 ExpectationsIntroductionThe Development of RustThe Choices Available to the DesignerInterior ExposuresCarbon SteelsInterior Weathering SteelsExterior ExposuresCarbon SteelsWrought and Cast IronsCast IronsCarbon Steel - Structural SteelZinc Rich PrimersGalvanized SteelWeathering SteelPreweathered SteelMarine EnvironmentsUrban PollutionGood DesignCHAPTER 5 Designing with the Available FormsIntroductionEarly FormsWrought IronThe Wrought Forms of SteelThe Steel MillHot Rolled and Cold Rolled Sheet and PlateMill Packaging RequirementsSheetCoilsPerforated and Expanded MetalPerforated SteelExpanded MetalPlate Thicknesses and WidthsWeathering Steel PlateBar and RodRound RodTubing and PipeStructural ShapesHSS - Hollow Structural SectionsWire, Woven Wire, and ScreensExtrusionsSteel WindowsPowder, Bead and ShotFoilCast SteelCHAPTER 6 Working with SteelsIntroductionCutting SteelsShearing and BlankingSaw CuttingLaserPlasmaTorch CutWaterjetPunchingFormingRoll FormingPress Brake FormingOther Cold Forming ProcessesSpringbackV-CuttingHot FormingForgingMachiningStampingSoldering and BrazingWeldingFusion Welding Processes Used on SteelsOxy - AcetyleneGTAW - Gas Tungsten Arc WeldingGMAW - Gas Metal Arc WeldingSMAW - Shielded Metal Arc WeldingFCW - Flux Core Wire WeldingSAW - Submerged Arc WeldingPAW - Plasma Arc WeldingEBW - Electron Beam WeldingLaser Beam WeldingCapacitor Discharge Fusion Stud WeldingArc Stud WeldingFriction Stir WeldingThe Steps in WeldingJoint PreparationFiller MetalHeat Input during weldingPost Weld treatment and CleanupDistortionWelding of Weathering SteelsBoltsStud WeldingCastingWhite Cast ironGrey Cast ironMalleable IronDuctile IronCompacted Graphite Cast IronDifficulties in CastingCHAPTER 7 Corrosion CharacteristicsIntroductionWhat is rustCorrosion of Steel and IronAtmospheric Corrosion - The Electrolyte on the SurfaceCorrosion of Cast Iron or Cast SteelCoatings and CorrosionFailure modes of PaintInorganic Protection of SteelsGalvanizing and Metal Protective Coatings for SteelPlatingWeathering Steels - How are they different than other steelsWeathering Steel Performance in Various EnvironmentsEnvironmental Exposures and their EffectsCarbon SteelsSteel Used In different EnvironmentsTypes of CorrosionUniform CorrosionGalvanic Corrosion and Galvanic Protection of SteelsGalvanic Corrosion and the Ratio of AreasKey Conditions Needed for Galvanic Corrosion to OccurTransfer CorrosionPitting CorrosionIntergranular CorrosionCrevice CorrosionLine CorrosionCHAPTER 8 Maintaining the Steel SurfaceIntroductionPainted Steel SurfacesDevelop a Maintenance StrategyCleaning and Mainenance - Weathering SteelProtecting Steels - StorageProtecting Steel Surfaces - CustomProtecting Steel Objects - Impressed Current ProtectionProtecting Steel Surfaces - Sacrificial AnodeMaintaining Steels in Different EnvironmentsPhysical CleanlinessAchieving Physical CleanlinessMill OilsFingerprintsDegreasing Using Hot Alkaline BathsDirt and GrimeAdhesivesTemperature IssuesDeposits from Sealant DecompositionGrease Deposits from Building Exhaust SystemsGraffitiHigh Pressure Water BlastingSteam CleaningDe-ionized WaterAbrasive Pads and BrushesChemical CleanlinessLaser AblationConstant WettingWater streaks and Standing Water StainingDe-icing SaltsMechanical CleanlinessVandalismScratches and Mars* DentsGhosting from Packaging MaterialsDistortionWelding DistortionDistortions from Cold Forming OperationsHail Damage and Small Dent RepairFree Iron Particles - StainingCoating Weathering SteelsAppendix A: TermsAppendix B: Comparative MetalsAppendix C: Alloy Cross ReferenceAppendix D: SSPC SpecificationsAppendix E: Sample Steel SpecificationsAppendix F: ASTM SpecificationsAppendix G: Galvanized Coatings on SteelIndex

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L. William Zahner, is President and CEO of A. Zahner Company, Inc. and Chairman of Metalabs LLC, and is an internationally recognized expert on the design and use of architectural metals. He is the author of Architectural Metal Surfaces and Architectural Metals: A Guide to Selection, Specification, and Performance, both from Wiley.