Stainless Steel Surfaces: A Guide to Alloys, Finishes, Fabrication and Maintenance in Architecture and Art

ISBN-13: 9781119541547 / Angielski / Miękka / 2019 / 368 str.

L. William Zahner

Spis treści

Preface xiChapter 1 Introduction to Stainless Steel 1Stainless Steel 1History 9Modern Production 10Environmental, Safety, and Hygiene 13Stainless Steel for the Arts 15Chapter 2 Alloys 23Alloys 23Alloying Elements 24Tempers and Heat Treatment 27Stainless Steel Classifications 28Austenitic Stainless Steels 29Magnetism and Magnetic Permeability 31Ferritic Stainless Steels 32Martensitic Stainless Steels 32Precipitation-Hardened Stainless Steel 33Duplex Stainless Steels 34Choosing the Right Alloy 35Architectural Alloys: Wrought Sheet, Plate, Bar, Rod, Pipe, Tube, and Wire 38Architectural Cast Alloys 52Chapter 3 Surface Finishes 57Metallic Luster 57Finish on the Surface 58Natural Color 59One Side Prime for Flat Products 63The Need for a Clean Surface 64Anti-Fingerprint Coatings 65Post-Finishing Protection 65Stainless Steel Finishes 66Mill Finishes 67Mechanical Finishes 73Directional Finishes 74Non-Directional Finishes 82Custom Mechanical Finishes 89Highly Custom Surface Finishes 91Mirror Finishes 93Plastic Deformation Surface Finishes 95"Water" Finish 96Embossing 96Selective Embossing 98Coining 100Chemical Finishes: Coloring of Stainless Steel 101Electropolishing: Brightening the Finish 115Etching 118Bluing 119Chapter 4 Expectations of the Stainless Steel Surface 123Reflectivity: Brightness and Intensity 123Surface Finish and Reflectivity 135Arriving At Objective Criteria 143Flatness 145The True Nature of the Metal 147Effects of Fabrication 149Effects of Temperature Changes 152The Relationship Between Thickness and Flatness 155Prototype Viewing Protocol 157Texturing to Improve Flatness 157Standards of Flatness 159Grain Direction 164Grain Size and Surface Clarity 167Alloying Constituents and Surface Clarity 168External Variables: Energy of Light Source 170External Variables: Angle of Illumination 172Surface Finish and Perceived Distortion 172Arriving at the Best Possible Outcome 174Chapter 5 Designing with Available Forms 177Basic Forms of Stainless Steel 178The Stainless Steel Mill 179Mill Packaging Requirements 183Sheet: The Architectural Form of Stainless Steel 184Stainless Steel Sheet Dimensions 185Perforated and Expanded Stainless Steel 190Plate 196Bar and Rod 197Cold Drawn Stainless Steel Shapes 199Tubing and Pipe 199Wire, Woven Wire, and Screens 201Extrusion 203Structural Shapes 204Designing with Stainless Steel Structural Forms 206Powder, Bead, and Shot 208Foil 209Cast Stainless Steel 209Chapter 6 Fabrication Processes 213Working With Stainless Steel 213Temporary Protective Coatings 215Cutting Stainless Steel 216Forming 220V-Cutting 226Hot Forming 227Forging 228Machining 229Soldering and Brazing 230Welding 232Casting 243Chapter 7 Corrosion Resistance Characteristics 249Passivity 251The Chloride Ion 252Alloying Elements 253Environmental Exposures 254Corrosion 256Passivation 273Cleaning a Contaminated Surface 273Conditions That Promote Corrosion in Stainless Steels 275Chapter 8 Maintaining the Stainless Steel Surface 277The New Surface 277Basic Cleaning of a Stainless Steel Surface 277Achieving Physical Cleanliness 279Achieving Chemical Cleanliness 287Achieving Mechanical Cleanliness 314Distortion Due to Fabrication and Welding 323Distortion from Cold Forming Operations 326Hail Damage and Small Dent Repair 326Appendix A Stainless Steel Specifications Specific to Architectural and ArtApplications (US and European) 331Standard-Setting Organizations (Partial List) 331General Specifications 332Plate, Sheet, and Strip Wrought Products 332Tubing 333Bolts 333Wire and Rod 333Castings 334Bars and Shapes 334Welding 334Appendix B Relative Cost of Different Finishes of Wrought Stainless Steel 335Appendix C Relative Gloss/Reflectivity of Different Stainless Steel Finishes 337Appendix D List of Designers and Finishes Shown in the Book 339Further Reading 343Index 345

O autorze

L. WILLIAM ZAHNER is President and CEO of A. Zahner Company, Inc. and Chairman of Metalabs LLC, an internationally recognized expert on the design and use of architectural metals. He has authored two books on architectural metals, Architectural Metal Surfaces and Architectural Metals: A Guide to Selection, Specification, and Performance, both from Wiley.