Satellite Communications

ISBN-13: 9781119482178 / Angielski / Twarda / 2019 / 768 str.

Timothy Pratt; Jeremy E. Allnutt

Spis treści

Preface xiAbout the Authors xv1 Introduction 11.1 Background 11.2 A Brief History of Satellite Communications 51.3 Satellite Communications in 2018 91.4 Overview of Satellite Communications 111.5 Summary 141.6 Organization of This Book 15References 162 Orbital Mechanics and Launchers 172.1 Introduction 172.2 Achieving a Stable Orbit 172.3 Kepler's Three Laws of Planetary Motion 232.4 Describing the Orbit of a Satellite 252.5 Locating the Satellite in the Orbit 272.6 Locating the Satellite with Respect to the Earth 292.7 Orbital Elements 312.8 Look Angle Determination 332.9 Orbital Perturbations 422.10 Orbit Determination 462.11 Space Launch Vehicles and Rockets 472.12 Placing Satellites Into Geostationary Orbit 562.13 Orbital Effects in Communications Systems Performance 592.14 Manned Space Vehicles 622.15 Summary 64Exercises 65References 683 Satellites 713.1 Satellite Subsystems 723.2 Attitude and Orbit Control System (AOCS) 753.3 Telemetry, Tracking, Command, and Monitoring (TTC&M) 843.4 Power Systems 883.5 Communications Subsystems 903.6 Satellite Antennas 1003.7 Equipment Reliability and Space Qualification 1073.8 Summary 113Exercises 114References 1164 Satellite Link Design 1194.1 Introduction 1194.2 Transmission Theory 1254.3 System Noise Temperature and G/T Ratio 1304.4 Design of Downlinks 1424.5 Ku-Band GEO Satellite Systems 1494.6 Uplink Design 1584.7 Design for Specified CNR: Combining CNR and C/I Values in Satellite Links 1634.8 System Design for Specific Performance 1674.9 Summary 188Exercises 189References 1935 Digital Transmission and Error Control 1955.1 Digital Transmission 1975.2 Implementing Zero ISI Transmission in the Time Domain 2155.3 Probability of Error in Digital Transmission 2215.4 Digital Transmission of Analog Signals 2315.5 Time Division Multiplexing 2415.6 Packets, Frames, and Protocols 2435.7 Error Control 2465.8 Summary 264Exercises 266References 2696 Modulation and Multiple Access 2716.1 Introduction 2716.2 Digital Modulation 2736.3 Multiple Access 2876.4 Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) 2916.5 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) 3086.6 Synchronization in TDMA Networks 3176.7 Transmitter Power in TDMA Networks 3196.8 Star and Mesh Networks 3236.9 Onboard Processing 3246.10 Demand Assignment Multiple Access (DAMA) 3296.11 Random Access (RA) 3336.12 Packet Radio Systems and Protocols 3346.13 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 3376.14 Summary 348Exercises 349References 3527 Propagation Effects and Their Impact on Satellite-Earth Links 3557.1 Introduction 3557.2 Propagation Phenomena 3587.3 Quantifying Attenuation and Depolarization 3597.4 Propagation Effects That are Not Associated with Hydrometeors 3677.5 Rain and Ice Effects 3727.6 Prediction of Rain Attenuation 3807.7 Prediction of XPD 3907.8 Propagation Impairment Countermeasures 3997.9 Summary 404Exercises 405References 4088 Low Throughput Systems and Small Satellites 4118.1 Introduction 4118.2 Small Satellites 4138.3 Operational Use of SmallSats 4368.4 Low Throughput Mobile Communications Satellite Systems 4408.5 VSAT Systems 4448.6 Signal Formats 4618.7 System Aspects 4698.8 Time Over Coverage 4708.9 Orbital Debris 4718.10 Summary 472Exercises 473References 4759 NGSO Satellite Systems 4819.1 Introduction 4819.2 Orbit Considerations 4859.3 Coverage and Frequency Considerations 5019.4 System Considerations 5239.5 Operational and Proposed NGSO Constellation Designs 5269.6 System Design Example 5349.7 Summary 535Exercises 537References 53910 Direct Broadcast Satellite Television and Radio 54310.1 C-Band and Ku-Band Home Satellite TV 54510.2 Digital DBS-TV 54510.3 DVB-S and DVB-S2 Standards 55610.4 DBS-TV System Design 56910.5 DBS-TV Link Budget for DVB-S and DVB-S2 Receivers 57210.6 Second Generation DBS-TV Satellite Systems Using DVB-S2 Signal Format 57510.7 Master Control Station and Uplink 57610.8 Installation of DBS-TV Antennas 57710.9 Satellite Radio Broadcasting 57810.10 Summary 583Exercises 584References 58611 Satellite Internet 58911.1 History of Satellite Internet Access 58911.2 Geostationary Satellite Internet Access 59211.3 NGSO Satellite Systems 60411.4 Link Budgets for NGSO Systems 61311.5 Packets and Protocols for NGSO Systems 61811.6 Gateways, User Terminals, and Onboard Processing Satellites 62211.7 Total Capacity of OneWeb and SpaceX Proposed NGSO Constellations 62511.8 End of Life Disposal of NGSO Satellites 62511.9 Comparison of Spot Beam Coverage of GSO and LEO Internet Access Satellites 62611.10 User Terminal Antennas for Ku-Band, Ka-Band, and V-Band 62711.11 Summary 628Exercises 629References 62912 Satellite Navigation and the Global Positioning System 63312.1 The Global Positioning System 63412.2 Radio and Satellite Navigation 63712.3 GPS Position Location Principles 64012.4 GPS Codes and Frequencies 64412.5 Satellite Signal Acquisition 64812.6 GPS Signal Levels 65812.7 GPS Navigation Message 66212.8 GPS C/A Code Standard Positioning System Accuracy 66312.9 Differential GPS 66712.10 Denial of Service: Jamming and Spoofing 66912.11 ADS-B and Air Traffic Control 67212.12 GPS Modernization 67312.13 Summary 675Exercises 676References 677Glossary 681Appendix A Decibels in Communications Engineering 691Appendix B Antennas 695Appendix C Complementary Error Function erfc(x) and Q FunctionQ(z) 715Appendix D Digital Transmission of Analog Signals 719Index 731

O autorze

Timothy Pratt is Emeritus Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Virginia Tech, USA. He is a life senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. After industrial experience in UK industry, he taught at the University of Birmingham for ten years and at Virginia Tech for thirty years. He retired from Virginia Tech in 2013 and lives on a farm in Blacksburg, Virginia.Jeremy Allnutt is Emeritus Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at George Mason University, USA. He was a telecommunications research scientist in England and Canada and then Intelsat in Washington, DC, USA. After Intelsat, he spent four years as a professor in ECE at the Northern Virginia campus of Virginia Tech before joining George Mason University, from which he retired in 2014. He is a fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and a fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (UK).