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American Business Since 1920: How It Worked
ISBN-13: 9781119097297 / Angielski / Miękka / 2018 / 407 str.
American Business Since 1920: How It Worked
ISBN-13: 9781119097297 / Angielski / Miękka / 2018 / 407 str.
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Tells the story of how America's biggest companies began, operated, and prospered post-World War I This book takes the vantage point of people working within companies as they responded to constant change created by consumers and technology.
In this third edition of Thomas C. McCraw s expansive work, William R. Childs has taken on the challenge of extending its reach into the first years of the 21st Century. The volatile events and issues of these years have made the task a daunting one, but Childs has risen to the occasion. Seamlessly folding new information into old, he has addressed the financial crisis of 2008, the accelerated growth of income inequality, the contentious debates surrounding globalization and financialization, the evolving roles of women and minorities in business, and innumerable other subjects of equal urgency. – Mary A. Yeager, PhD, Professor at UCLA
Introduction 1
Past and Present 1
The Story Told Here 2
Trends 3
A Matter of Size 6
The Key Internal Problem 7
Broader Contexts 8
American Business and the World 11
The American Business Achievement 12
Chapter One: Modern Management in the 1920s: GM Defeats Ford 15
Cars, Trucks, and Freedom 15
Henry Ford, Mass Production, and Centralized Management 17
Alfred P. Sloan, Jr. and Decentralized Management 20
General Motors Versus the Ford Motor Company: The Triumph of Decentralized Management 22
Lessons Learned 26
Chapter Two: Overview: Business Welfare Capitalism, the Financial System, and the Great Depression 29
Responding to the Dark Side Business Welfare Capitalism in the 1920s 29
Functions of Finance 31
Historical Context of American Finance to 1920 33
Wall Street and the Stock Market in the 1920s 34
The Great Depression 36
Successful Firms During the Great Depression 40
Chapter Three: Brand Management at Procter & Gamble 43
Procter & Gamble: Multiple Products and Marketing 43
Firm Culture 45
Building the Market 47
Neil McElroy and Brands 49
Doc Smelser and the Market Research Department 51
Lessons of Brands 53
Changes at P&G in the Early Twenty ]first Century 55
People as Brands 56
Chapter Four: The New Deal and World War II: Regulation and Mobilization, 1933 1945 59
Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal 60
The Extension and Decentralization of Regulation 63
The World at War 66
The Marvel of American War Production 68
The Problem of Mobilization 69
The Solution: Decentralization through the Controlled Materials Plan 71
World War II as a Transformative Event 75
Aviation Matures: Boeing 81
Postscript: Scandals 85
Photo Group 1 87
Chapter Five: Overview: Postwar Prosperity and Social Revolution, 1945 1970s 95
The Cold War and Business 95
Economic Trends 97
The Place of Business in Society 100
Boomers, Social Movements, and the Government 102
Environmentalism 104
Chapter Six: Overview: The Empowerment of Women and Minorities in Business 107
Women 108
Women in the Workforce 111
Women in Top Management 112
African Americans 117
African Americans in Top Management 122
Hispanics 125
Hispanics in Top Management 129
Foreign ]born CEOs of American Firms 133
Photo Group 2 135
Chapter Seven: Science and R&D: From TV to Biotechnology 145
R&D During the Cold War 145
David Sarnoff and RCA 146
Sarnoff and Television 152
Lessons from RCA s Mismanagement 158
The Perils of High ]Tech Markets 160
Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, and Biotechnology 162
Chapter Eight: Franchising and McDonald s 173
The Economic and Social Context of Franchising 174
The McDonald Brothers 178
Ray Kroc 180
Financial Wizardry at McDonald s 184
How McDonald s Worked 187
Internationalization 190
Marketing, Labor, Nutrition, and the Environment: The Positives and Negatives of Franchising 191
Past and Future 197
Chapter Nine: The IT Revolution and Silicon Valley: Relentless Change 199
Early Days 200
IBM 202
Silicon Valley and a New Business Culture 206
The Internet and the World Wide Web 209
Companies and Personalities: Amazon, eBay, and Google 211
Expansion of the Internet: Cloud Computing, the Sharing Economy, and the Internet of Things 223
Chapter Ten: Overview: Financialization of Capitalism, 1980s to 2000s 229
Deindustrialization 231
Neoliberalism and the Extension of the Economists Hour 233
Surge in Globalization 236
Negatives of Neoliberalism and Globalization 238
Financialization 240
Excessive Pay for Executives and Fund Managers 255
The Problem of Opacity 258
Chapter Eleven: Business and the Great Recession 261
The Mortgage Mess 263
The Government Tries to Catch Up to a Financial Industry Under Duress 266
Reforms 276
Failures of Government Catch ]up 279
Photo Group 3 283
Epilogue 297
Bibliographical Essay 307
Acknowledgments 365
Index 367
Thomas K. McCraw (d. 2012) was former Professor and Isidor Straus Professor of Business History for the Harvard Business School, where he was instrumental in making Business History an important aspect of the MBA program. McCraw received a Pulitzer Prize in History in 1985 for his book, Prophets of Regulation (1984). He also served as editor of the Business History Review, as associate editor of The Encyclopedia of the United States in the Twentieth Century, and as president and trustee of the Business History Conference. He was a member of the Board of Syndics of Harvard University Press, the Council of the Massachusetts Historical Society, the advisory board of Nomura School of Advanced Management (Tokyo), and the editorial boards of Reviews in American History and Harvard Business Review.
William R. Childs was former History Professor at Ohio State University. He retired from teaching in 2014. Tom McCraw was his advisor at The University of Texas at Austin in the 1970s. After McCraw left for the Harvard Business School in 1978, he remained on Childs’ dissertation committee and hired him as a research assistant for his book Prophets of Regulation (1984). In addition to his two books and numerous articles and book reviews, Childs was editor of Essays in Economic and Business History (1995–1998) and has served on the Board of Editors for the Business History Review and Enterprise & Society.
Did You Know? This book is available as a Wiley E–Text. The Wiley E–Text is a complete digital version of the text that makes time spent studying more efficient. Course materials can be accessed on a desktop, laptop, or mobile device so that learning can take place anytime, anywhere. A more affordable alternative to traditional print, the Wiley E–Text creates a flexible user experience: Access on–the–go Search across content Highlight and take notes Save money! The Wiley E–Text can be purchased in the following ways: Check with your bookstore for available e–textbook options Wiley E–Text: Powered by VitalSource ® ISBN 978–1–119–09726–6 Directly from: www.wiley.com/wiley–blackwell
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