1. Introduction; Part I. The State of the Art: 2. The problem (P)I; 3. Historical background; 4. The partial rejection of (SVLD) in the practice of object-scientific research; 5. The partial rejection of (SVLD) in metascientific reflection; 6. The solution to (P)I; Part II. The P-Model: 7. The problem (P)II; 8. Historical background; 9. Plausible inferences; 10. Plausible argumentation; 11. The solution to (P)II; Part III. Data and Evidence: 12. The problem (P)III; 13. The concepts of 'datum' and 'evidence'; 14. The solution to (P)III; Part IV. Application of the P-Model: A Case Study: 15. The problem (P)IV; 16. A case study: a reconstruction of Gentner and Wolff (1997); 17. The solution to (P)IV; Part V. The Answers to the Open Questions: 18. The problem (P)V; 19. The answers to (OQ1)–(OQ7); 20. The solution to (P)V; 21. Summary: the solution to the main problem (MP).