Part I. Theories: 1. Theorizing the Jewish child; 2. Vagaries of childhood: from cradles to graves; 3. Bringing up boys; 4. Daughters: delight or dissension?; 5. Burdened at birth: the misbegotten and the malformed; Part II. Children in the Synagogue: 6. Visualizing the bible; 7. The painted children of the Dura Europos Synagogue; Part III. Autobiographies: 8. Sukkot in a cave (CE 135); 9. Passover in the port of Rome (Ostia c. CE 175); 10. Sabbath in Tiberias (c. 300); 11. The birth of a wandering Jewess (c. CE 415–435); Conclusion: the invention of Rabbinic childhood.