Ontology and Dialectics: 1960-61

ISBN-13: 9780745679464 / Angielski / Miękka / 2019 / 384 str.

Theodor W. Adorno

Opis

Adorno s lectures on ontology and dialectics from 1960-61 comprise his most sustained and systematic analysis of Heidegger s philosophy. They also represent a continuation of a project that Adorno shared with Walter Benjamin to annihilate Heidegger .

Recenzje

Ontology and Dialectics is a work of the highest importance. These lectures allow us not only to gain a clearer understanding of Adorno′s critique of Heidegger, but also to understand more fully the project of a German–Jewish thinker who, having returned to Germany after World War II, wonders if philosophy after Auschwitz is still possible. The course shows Adorno developing and assembling many of the major concepts that would inform the mature phase of his thinking, right up to his untimely death in August 1969.
Gerhard Richter, Brown University

Spis treści

Contents Editor s Foreword LECTURE 1: What Being Really is Against the philosophy of standpoints and philosophical world views; the meaning of rigour in philosophy and the positive sciences  the plan of these lectures; immanent critique  What being really is ; ontology as structural interconnection  the doctrine of being contra idealism and methodology  the concept of meaning; the being of beings; the meaning of being  being and essence  categorial intuition versus abstraction LECTURE 2: On Ontological Difference The structure of being and being itself; regional ontologies and fundamental ontology  on the problem of ontological difference (I)  ontic questions and ontological questions  questions concerning the meaning of being  question of origin as petitio principii  circular reasoning (I)  critique of origins  circular reasoning (II)  fusion of mysticism and the claim to rationality  historical dimension of the question of being LECTURE 3: History of the Concept of Being Circular reasoning (III)  the unreflected question of being   being in the Pre–Socratics, in Plato and Aristotle  experience of being is not prior ; being as product of abstraction  being and thought in Parmenides; abstraction and vital powers not distinguished for archaic thought; the most ancient not the truest  philosophy and the particular sciences; dialectic of enlightenment; residual character of being  two kinds of truth LECTURE 4: Being and Language (I) Prehistory of the new ontologies: Franz Brentano; ontology as counter–enlightenment  a double front against realism and conceptualism  fundamental ontology as hermeneutics; being and language; nominalist critique of language  analysis of the concept of being; positivism and language  conceptuality as domination of nature; inadequacy of concept and thing; thing in itself and being  functional understanding of concepts; double sense of being as concept and anti–concept LECTURE 5: Being and Language (II) Ambiguity of the concept of being (I)  arbitrariness in concept formation; Kant versus Spinoza – ambiguity of the concept of being (II)  ambiguity of the concept of being (III)  subjectivity as constitutive for ontology  substantial character of language; borrowing from theology  on the analysis of language; obligations regarding linguistic form  the wavering character of being LECTURE 6: Separating Being and Beings Examples from antiquity; on Aristotle s terminology; the priority of the tode ti  genesis and validity; Heidegger s being as third possibility; on Heidegger s concept of origin  archaic dimension of Heidegger s ontology; against genetic explanation; phenomenology and history  phenomenological method; red and redness; the inference to being–in–itself in Scheler and Heidegger  Husserl s return to transcendentalism LECTURE 7: Mind in relation to Beings Priority as petitio principii  critique of the possibility of ontology; on Cartesian dualism  phenomenological reduction of the subject; objectivity of the second level; shutting out beings  philosophical compulsion for cleanliness  allergy towards beings; an aura borrowed from theology; the story of Snow White  ontology as counterpart to nominalism and positivism LECTURE 8: Ontologizing the Ontic (I) The subject–object division not permanent; fundamental ontology and the loss of tradition; the unintelligibility of Heidegger  oblivion of the numinous; material stuff and abstraction in the Pre–Socratics  ontology or dialectics; being as the wholly other   critique as differentiation; original non–differentiation; Heidegger s anti–intellectualism  against postponement Heidegger s trick: ontologizing the ontic LECTURE 9: Ontologizing the Ontic (II) Conceptualizing the non–conceptual; philosophy of being and idealism, Heidegger and Hegel  ontologizing existence  spurious appeal of the new; fascination through ignorance  subreption of the nominalized verb being   Dasein as being and a being  Be who you are!   eidetic science and ontology  subjectivity as the site of being LECTURE 10: Ontological Need Heidegger and Kant; Kant s ultimate intention  Heidegger s thought as the site of being; a diminished concept of subject: absence of labour and spontaneity  initial observations on the ontological need  a sociological interjection  the elevated tone ; Heidegger s language and Adorno s great grandfather; fundamental ontology as index of a lack LECTURE 11: The Abdication of Philosophy On the sociology of the ontological need  philosophy and society; distracting effect of Marxism; the relevance of morality  philosophy and the natural sciences; philosophy and art  Kant s abdication before God, freedom, and immortality  the resurrection of metaphysics ; impotence of philosophy in the face of the essential  Schelling, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche LECTURE 12: The Relation to Kierkegaard Science versus philosophy; accepted heresies  an anti–academic academy  licensed audacity  relation to Kierkegaard  subjectivity is truth   history of the concept of ontology LECTURE 13: Critique of Subjectivism The anti–subjectivism of modern ontology  the problem of relativism (I); how questions vanish  the problem of relativism (II); to the things themselves   transcendental subjectivism and egoity  the acosmism of post–Kantian idealism; the unreason of the world – the crisis of subjectivity and the development of cosmology  critique of the domination of nature; fundamental ontology and dialectical materialism; changes in the concept of reason LECTURE 14: Hypostasizing the Question The crucial role of subjectivity in Heidegger s early thought; Heidegger and Lukács  need and truth; question and answer Ð the philosophical structure of the question; hypostasis of the question in Heidegger  the question as surrogate answer; the mechanism of subreption  the ideology of man LECTURE 15: Time, Being, Meaning Man , tradition , life : indices of loss  philosophy of existence and philosophy of life  labour and the consciousness of time; phenomenology of wisdom ; loss of historical continuity, America  antiques business and abstract time; ontologizing the concept of substance  time and being as complementary concepts; disenchantment of the world and the creation of meaning  raiding poetry LECTURE 16: Ontology and Society Heidegger s archaic language; feigned origins; primordial history and petit bourgeois mentality  social presuppositions of ontology  ontology as philosophical neo–classicism  impossibility of ontology today  Heidegger s strategy; sympathy with barbarism  phenomenological caprice  project LECTURE 17: Mythic Content Regression to mythology  fate and hybris in the concept of being = blindness, anxiety, death; relation to religion  National Socialism and the homeland; National Socialism and the relation to history  the indeterminacy of myth and the longing for the concrete; the most concrete as the most abstract  being as itself LECTURE 18: The Purity and Immediacy of Being Tautological determination of being; purity in Husserl; scholasticism and empiricism in Brentano  the method of eidetic intuition  intuition and the a priori  on the concept of ontological difference (II)  purity and immediacy irreconcilable; conceptuality as the Fall  idle talk and the forgetfulness of being; the experience of being, the language of nature and music LECTURE 19: The Indeterminacy of Being Pro domo  indeterminacy as determination  the overcoming of nihilism; being as ens realissimum – the question of constitution versus the priority of being; synthesis and the synthesized; the physiognomic gaze  the particular transparent to its universal  being  the meaning of being (I) LECTURE 20: Meaning of Being and the Copula The meaning of being (II)  ontology as prescription  protest against reification; the problem of relativism (III)  structure of the lectures  the copula (I) LECTURE 21: The Copula and the Question of Being The copula (II)  the copula (III)  no transcendence of being  the childish question; language and truth  the question of being (I); authenticity and the decline of civilisation  the question of being (II); LECTURE 22: Being and Existence Heidegger s turn; the concept of ontological difference (III)  the mythology of being; archaism  function of the concept of existence  Dasein is ontological in itself   existence as authoritarian  historicity   against the ontology of the non–ontological  history as the medium of philosophy  critique LECTURE 23: The Concept of Negative Dialectic Peep hole metaphysics and negative dialectics – Left Hegelianism and the ban on images  priority of the object  reversing the subjective reduction  interpreting the transcendental  transcendental illusion ; against hierarchy Editor s Notes Index

O autorze

Theodor W. Adorno (1903-1969), a prominent member of the Frankfurt School, was one of the most influential thinkers of the twentieth century in the areas of social theory, philosophy and aesthetics.