Handbook of Crystal Growth: Bulk Crystal Growth

ISBN-13: 9780444633033 / Angielski / Mixed media product / 2014 / 1418 str.

Rudolph, Peter

Opis

Vol 2A: Basic Technologies Handbook of Crystal Growth, 2nd Edition Volume IIA (Basic Technologies) presents basic growth technologies and modern crystal cutting methods. Particularly, the methodical fundamentals and development of technology in the field of bulk crystallization on both industrial and research scales are explored. After an introductory chapter on the formation of minerals, ruling historically the basic crystal formation parameters, advanced basic technologies from melt, solution, and vapour being applied for research and production of the today most important materials, like silicon, semiconductor compounds and oxides are presented in detail. The interdisciplinary and general importance of crystal growth for human live are illustrated. Vol 2B: Growth Mechanisms and Dynamics Handbook of Crystal Growth, 2nd Edition Volume IIB (Growth Mechanisms and Dynamics) deals with characteristic mechanisms and dynamics accompanying each bulk crystal growth method discussed in Volume IIA. Before the atoms or molecules pass over from a position in the fluid medium (gas, melt or solution) to their place in the crystalline face they must be transported in the fluid over macroscopic distances by diffusion, buoyancy-driven convection, surface-tension-driven convection, and forced convection (rotation, acceleration, vibration, magnetic mixing). Further, the heat of fusion and the part carried by the species on their way to the crystal by conductive and convective transport must be dissipated in the solid phase by well-organized thermal conduction and radiation to maintain a stable propagating interface. Additionally, segregation and capillary phenomena play a decisional role for chemical composition and crystal shaping, respectively. Today, the increase of high-quality crystal yield, its size enlargement and reproducibility are imperative conditions to match the strong economy.

Volume 2A

• Presents the status and future of Czochralski and float zone growth of dislocation-free silicon
• Examines directional solidification of silicon ingots for photovoltaics, vertical gradient freeze of GaAs, CdTe for HF electronics and IR imaging as well as antiferromagnetic compounds and super alloys for turbine blades
• Focuses on growth of dielectric and conducting oxide crystals for lasers and non-linear optics
• Topics on hydrothermal, flux and vapour phase growth of III-nitrides, silicon carbide and diamond are explored

Volume 2B

• Explores capillarity control of the crystal shape at the growth from the melt
• Highlights modeling of heat and mass transport dynamics
• Discusses control of convective melt processes by magnetic fields and vibration measures
• Includes imperative information on the segregation phenomenon and validation of compositional homogeneity
• Examines crystal defect generation mechanisms and their controllability
• Illustrates proper automation modes for ensuring constant crystal growth process
• Exhibits fundamentals of solution growth, gel growth of protein crystals, growth of superconductor materials and mass crystallization for food and pharmaceutical industries

Recenzje

"...any library in the materials science or chemical engineering departments of universities should carry these volumes.... I would recommend it to academics in the crystal growth field who want to have a complete reference work they can use to ensure their students are well grounded in the fundamentals and also to industrial crystal-growers who now and then need to understand why it is that what they do actually works."
-- Advanced Materials

Spis treści

Volume 2A
1: Crystal growth in geology Patterns on the rocks
2: Czochralski growth of silicon crystals
3: Liquid encapsulation and related technologies for the Czochralski growth of semiconductor compound
4: Czochralski growth of oxides and fluorides
5: Czochralski and flux growth of crystals for lasers and nonlinear optics
6: Measures to grow bulk single crystals of transparent semicon-ducting and conducting oxides
7: Floating zone growth of silicon
8: Floating zone growth of oxides and metallic alloys
9: Vertical Bridgman growth of bi-nary compound semiconduct.
10: Multi-crystalline silicon crystal growth for photovoltaic applic
11: The unidirectional crystallization of metals and alloys (turbine blades)
12: Crystal growth by traveling hea-ter method (THM)
13: Growth of bulk nitrides from a Na flux
14: Hydrothermal growth of crystals design and processing
15: High-pressure high-temperature solution growth and ammonother-mal synthesis of GaN crystals
16: Vapor transport growth of wide bandgap materials
17: Crystal growth of diamond
18: Wafer processing

Volume 2B
1: Capillarity and shape stability in crystal growth from the melt
2: Heat transfer analysis and design for bulk crystal growth: Perspectives on the Bridgman method
3: Fluid dynamics - modelling and analysis
4: The role of Marangoni convection in crystal growth
5: Flow control by magnetic fields during crystal growth from melt
6: Oscillatory-driven fluid flow control during crystal growth from the melt
7: Segregation and component distribution
8: Thermal stress and dislocations in bulk crystal growth
9: Defect generation and interaction during crystal growth
10: Automation of crystal growth from melt
11: Fundamentals of crystal growth from solutions
12: Crystallization mechanisms of high-Tc superconductors 
13: Crystallization processes in gels
14: Fundamentals of industrial mass crystallization