How SAS Works: A Comprehensive Introduction to the SAS System

ISBN-13: 9780387972916 / Angielski / Miękka / 1990 / 193 str.

Paul A. Herzberg

Opis

How SAS Works is a textbook designed to span the gap between the SAS Institute's "Introductory Guide," which is a very basic introduction to the SAS system, and the "User's Guide," which is a reference tool for those already well versed in SAS. How SAS Works is based on lectures and includes an introductory chapter which fills in many of the generalities about SAS. It provides the information a beginner needs to use the SAS system for small-to-medium sized jobs and helps develop a model of the SAS system in a step-by-step manner. The book is friendly and well-written, using a good flow of arguments and addressing questions an end-user might ask. It goes beyond the basic introduction, helping readers to get results from the SAS system and to make the most of other SAS Institute reference tools.

Spis treści

1 Introduction to the SAS System.- 1 What Is the SAS System?.- A Comparison of SAS and Other Systems.- Computers on which the SAS System Can Run.- SAS Jobs, Programs, and Data Files.- The SAS job.- The parts of a SAS program.- Types of data files.- 2 A SAS Demonstration.- The Data File.- The SAS Program.- The DATA step.- The PROC steps.- The Print File.- The SAS Log.- Exercises.- 3 The DATA Step and SAS Data Sets.- Types of Data Files.- Non-SAS files.- SAS data sets.- SAS Names.- The Structure of a DATA Step.- The DATA Statement.- Locating the Non-SAS File.- The INFILE statement.- The LINES statement.- The Null statement.- Reading Each Record in a Non-SAS File.- Variable names.- Numeric and character variables.- The INPUT statement.- Putting the DATA Step Together.- What Happens in a DATA Step?.- The DATA step.- The SAS data set.- 4 Some SAS Reporting Procedures.- The PROC Statement.- The PROC Step.- PROC PRINT.- The VAR statement.- The ID statement.- The SUM statement.- The TITLE statement.- PROC CHART.- Specifying the type of chart (TYPE = option).- Specifying the intervals.- Why the intervals should be specified (or DISCRETE used).- PROC PLOT.- Statements for PROC PLOT.- Options on the PLOT statement.- Examples.- Exercises.- 5 Some SAS Descriptive Procedures.- PROC MEANS.- Statements for PROC MEANS.- Options on the PROC MEANS statement.- PROC UNIVARIATE.- Output from PROC UNIVARIATE.- Statements for PROC UNIVARIATE.- PROC FREQ.- Sums and Means in PROC CHART.- Statements for PROC CHART for sums and means.- Statistics for Groups and Subgroups.- Two- and multi-way tables in PROC FREQ.- Groups and subgroups in PROC CHART.- Exercises.- 2 The DATA Step.- 6 The Assignment and Sum Statements.- The Assignment Statement.- Numeric Expressions.- Numeric constants.- Numeric variables.- Arithmetic operators.- Order of operations and parenthesized expressions.- Functions.- Further examples.- Missing Values.- The Sum Statement.- 7 Character Variables and the Length Statement.- The LENGTH statement.- Column input.- List input.- List input and the ampersand modifier.- Assignment statement.- The Assignment Statement and Character Expressions.- Character constants.- Character variables.- Character operator.- Character functions.- 8 Conditional Statements.- The IF-THEN Statement.- Nested IF-THEN statements.- Logical Expressions.- Comparison operators.- Logical operators.- 9 Sources of Input.- The SET Statement.- INPUT Extensions.- The ampersand modifier (&).- The column pointer controls (@n, +n).- The line pointer controls (#n, /).- The double trailing at-sign (@@).- INFILE Extensions.- The FIRSTOBS= and OBS= options.- Detecting End of File.- 10 Output from the DATA Step.- Writing on an External File.- The FILE statement.- The PUT statement.- PUT Extensions.- The column pointer controls (@n, +n).- The line pointer controls (#n, /, _PAGE_, OVERPRINT).- Creating More Than One Output Data Set.- The OUTPUT statement.- When does output occur?.- Detecting End of File on Input.- Restricting the Observations.- The Subsetting IF statement.- The DELETE statement.- The STOP statement.- 11 Explicit Looping.- DO Loops.- Generating Random Numbers.- Uniform random numbers.- Normal random numbers.- Generating Sampling Distributions.- 3 Formatting and Subgroup Analyses.- 12 Formats.- What Is a Format?.- PROC FORMAT and Value Labels.- Parts of the VALUE statement.- Examples of VALUE statements.- The FORMAT Statement.- Formats for Character Variables.- Pre-defined Formats.- Field width.- Number of decimals.- No format.- Formats in PROC steps.- Formats in PUT statements.- 13 Sorting.- PROC SORT.- Statements for PROC SORT.- Sorting in descending order.- 14 Analysis by Subgroups.- Using the BY Statement in PROC Steps.- Tables and charts of frequencies.- Tables and charts of means.- Example of PROC UNIVARIATE.- 15 Customized Reports.- The FIRST, and LAST.byvariables.- Planning the Program.- Two Examples.- Exercises.- 4 Extending the SAS Model.- 16 The SAS Data Set.- The Index of a SAS Data Set.- The role of the SET statement.- The Type of a Variable.- Determining type from INPUT or LENGTH statements.- Determining type from an assignment statement.- The Length of a Variable.- Character variables.- Numeric variables.- Variable Labels.- Labels stored in the data set.- Labels defined in a PROC step.- How procedures use the label.- The Format of a Variable.- How procedures use the format.- Changing the Variables in a Data Set.- 17 The DATA Step.- The Program Data Vector and the DATA-Step Process.- More Complex Data Steps.- Appendix A SAS Statements by Chapter.- Appendix B Index to SAS Statements.