Constructivist Theories of Ethnic Politics

ISBN-13: 9780199893171 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 520 str.

Kanchan Chandra

Opis

Most research on the effect of ethnicity on economic and political outcomes is driven by the "primordialist" assumption that ethnic identities are fixed. But "constructivist" research across the social sciences and humanities tells us that ethnic identities change over time, and are often a product of the very political and economic phenomena that they are used to explain.

Constructivist Theories of Ethnic Politics is a first cut at rebuilding theories of the relationship between ethnicity, politics and economics on a fortified constructivist foundation. It proposes a new conceptual framework for thinking about ethnic identity. It uses this framework to synthesize constructivist arguments into a set of propositions about how and why ethnic identities change. It translates this framework - and the propositions derived from it -- into a new, combinatorial language. And it employs these conceptual, constructivist, and combinatorial tools to theorize about the relationship between ethnicity, politics and economics using a variety of methods.

The conceptual tools provided here open new avenues for theory building by representing the complexity of a constructivist world in an analytically tractable way. The theoretical arguments challenge the bad name that ethnic diversity has acquired in social scientific literature, according to which it is associated with regimes that are less stable, less democratic, less well-governed, less peaceful and poorer than regimes in which the population is ethnically homogeneous. Taking the possibility of change in ethnic identity into account, this book shows, dismantles the theoretical logics linking ethnic diversity to such negative outcomes. Indeed, ethnic diversity can sometimes serve as a benign force, strengthening rather than threatening democracy, preventing rather than producing violence, and inhibiting rather than accelerating state collapse or secession. Even more importantly, it defines new research agendas by changing the questions we can ask about the relationship between ethnicity, politics and economics.

Recenzje

Chandra has done the public service of sorting through the loose and multiple ways that the term ethnicity is used, offering her own very rigorous definition and systematic method of operationalizing the concept. She places her bets on a methodologically individualist approach, whereby individuals mix and match identity-related attributes into different identity packages, depending on circumstances and incentives. Some constructivists will disagree with her choices, but few will deny that she has thought of every angle, issue, and objection, pursuing the logic of her own approach and alternatives vastly more carefully that has heretofore been the case in academic usage, let alone public discourse.

O autorze

Kanchan Chandra is Associate Professor of Politics at New York University.