1. An introduction to biorefinery 2. Microorganisms producing enzymes: strategies to improve the enzymatic yield of biomass deconstruction 3. Enzymatic path to bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass: Consolidated and new strategies to enhance the enzymatic activity on lignocellulosic biomass 4. Enzyme interactions on lignocellulosic biomass structure 5. Enzymes and Biomass Pretreatment 6. Chemical and thermochemical methods on lignocellulosic biorefinery 7. Lignin Valorization 8. Biomass co-products utilization 9. Economic and social aspects of Biorefineries 10. Virtual Biorefineries 11. Life cycle assessment of lignocellulosic biorefinery 12. Perspectives