ISBN-13: 9781119645504 / Angielski / Twarda / 2021 / 368 str.
ISBN-13: 9781119645504 / Angielski / Twarda / 2021 / 368 str.
About the Author xiiiPreface xvAcknowledgments xviiList of Abbreviations xix1 Introduction 11.1 General 11.1.1 Focus of This Book 11.1.2 Generations 21.2 Principles of 5G 41.2.1 Open Source 71.2.2 Justifications for 5G 81.3 Standardization 101.3.1 Release 16 Key Features 101.3.2 The Phases of 5G 121.3.3 How to Find 5G-Related Specifications 181.3.4 Release 17 201.3.5 Later Phases and 6G 211.4 Introduction to the Book 222 Requirements 272.1 Overview 272.2 Background 272.3 Development of the Ecosystem 282.3.1 New Needs 282.3.2 Enhanced 5G Functionality 292.4 Introduction to Requirements 292.5 World Radiocommunication Conference 312.6 Building Blocks of 5G: eMBB/URLLC/mMTC 312.7 5G Requirements of the ITU 342.7.1 Process 342.7.2 Documents 352.7.3 Peak Data Rate 362.7.4 Peak Spectral Efficiency 362.7.5 User Experienced Data Rate 362.7.6 Fifth Percentile User Spectral Efficiency 372.7.7 Average Spectral Efficiency 372.7.8 Area Traffic Capacity 372.7.9 Latency 372.7.10 Connection Density 382.7.11 Energy Efficiency 382.7.12 Reliability 382.7.13 Mobility 382.7.14 Mobility Interruption Time 392.7.15 Bandwidth 392.8 The Technical Specifications of the 3GPP 392.8.1 Releases 392.8.2 Security Requirements for 5G 412.9 NGMN 412.9.1 User Experience 412.9.2 Device Requirements 432.9.3 Enhanced Services 442.10 Mobile Network Operators 442.11 Mobile Device Manufacturers 452.12 Consumer Requirements 452.13 Vertical Requirements 472.13.1 SME Business 472.13.2 Transport and Traffic 482.13.3 Health Care 482.13.4 Critical Infrastructure 482.13.5 Aviation and Drones 492.13.6 Virtual Reality 502.13.7 Other Verticals 503 Phase 2 System Architecture and Functionality 553.1 Introduction 553.1.1 General 553.1.2 Release 16 Development 583.1.3 Radio Network 583.1.4 Core Network 583.1.5 Transport Network 593.1.6 5G NFs of Release 16 593.2 Release 16 Enhancements 623.2.1 LTE in Release 16 623.2.2 5G of Release 16 633.2.3 Fixed-Mobile Convergence 643.2.4 Control and User Plane Separation of EPC Nodes 643.2.5 Java and APIs in 5G 663.2.6 Identifiers 673.2.7 Multicast/Broadcast in 5G 683.3 5G Network Architecture in Release 16 693.3.1 System Architecture 693.3.2 Non-roaming Reference Architecture 693.3.3 Roaming Reference Architecture 733.3.4 Interworking with Non-3GPP Networks 753.3.5 5G User and Control Plane 763.3.6 Edge Computing 783.4 Dual Connectivity 793.4.1 Multi-radio Dual Connectivity with EPC 793.4.2 Multi-radio Dual Connectivity with 5GC 813.4.3 Dual Connectivity Network Interfaces 823.5 NG-RAN Architecture 833.5.1 Interfaces 833.5.2 Functions of gNB and ng-eNB 853.6 5G Interfaces and Reference Points 853.6.1 Service-Based Interfaces 853.6.2 Reference Points 853.7 IMS in 5G 884 Phase 2 Radio Network and User Equipment 934.1 Overview 934.1.1 Key Specifications 934.1.2 Summary of Key Release 16 Enhancements 934.2 Radio Network 974.2.1 5G MIMO and Adaptive Antennas 974.2.2 5G Radio Access 984.2.3 5G gNB Functions 994.2.4 3GPP RAN Interfaces 1024.2.5 The Split Architecture of RAN 1024.2.6 IAB 1044.2.7 5G Network Layers 1064.2.8 IAB Protocol Stacks 1084.3 User Equipment 1094.3.1 Background 1094.3.2 Terminal States 1114.4 Cloud RAN 1114.4.1 Introduction 1114.4.2 Open RAN Terminology 1144.4.3 Open RAN Alliance 1144.4.4 Open RAN Reference Architecture 1154.4.5 Logical Architecture of O-RAN 1184.5 5G Spectrum 1204.5.1 Advances of 5G Frequencies 1204.5.2 ITU-R WRC-19 Results 1214.5.3 RF Bands 1214.6 5G Radio Aspects 1294.6.1 Bandwidth 1294.6.2 Duplex 1294.6.3 SUL 1304.6.4 Dynamic Spectrum Sharing 1304.6.5 5G Antennas 1314.6.6 Radio Performance 1314.6.7 OFDM in Release 16 1324.6.8 Modulation 1324.6.9 Coding 1334.6.10 OFDM 1334.6.11 Modulation 1334.6.12 Frame Structure 1334.6.13 5G Channels 1344.6.14 General Protocol Architecture 1364.6.15 Physical Layer Procedures 1374.6.16 Physical Layer Measurements 1374.6.17 Quality of Service 1375 Core and Transport Network 1415.1 Overview 1415.1.1 The 5G Pillars 1415.1.2 5G Core Network Services 1425.2 Network Functions Virtualization 1425.2.1 SDN 1425.2.2 NFV 1435.3 5G Cloud Architecture 1455.3.1 Concept 1455.3.2 Data Center as a Base for 5G Architecture 1465.3.3 Network as a Service 1475.4 Network Functions Overview 1475.4.1 5G Release 15 and 16 Network Functions 1475.4.2 5G Core Network Aspects 1485.5 NFs Enhanced in Release 16 1515.5.1 5G-EIR 1515.1.2 AF 1515.5.3 AMF 1515.5.4 AUSF 1535.5.5 LMF 1535.5.6 N3IWF 1535.5.7 NEF 1545.5.8 NRF 1555.5.9 NSSF 1575.5.10 NWDAF 1575.5.11 PCF 1585.5.12 SEPP 1585.5.13 SMF 1605.5.14 SMSF 1615.5.15 UDM 1625.5.16 UDR 1625.5.17 UDSF 1625.5.18 UPF 1635.6 Additional NFs of Release 16 1645.6.1 CAPIF 1645.6.2 GMLC 1655.6.3 I-SMF and V-SMF 1665.6.4 I-UPF 1665.6.5 NSSAAF 1685.6.6 SCP 1685.6.7 TNGF 1685.6.8 TWIF 1695.6.9 UCMF 1695.6.10 W-AGF 1705.7 5GC Functionalities 1705.7.1 Network Function Discovery 1705.7.2 Network Slicing 1715.8 Transport Network 1785.9 IMS for 4G and 5G Voice Service 1815.9.1 IMS Architecture 1815.9.2 Voice Service 1835.9.3 Roaming 1845.9.4 Key Definitions 1855.9.5 VoLTE Infrastructure Options 1865.9.6 Fallback Mechanisms 1865.9.7 Circuit-Switched Fallback 1865.9.8 Single Radio Voice Call Continuity 1885.9.9 Interworking in 4G/5G 1885.9.10 Requirements for IMS Voice 1926 Release 16 Features and Use Cases 1956.1 Introduction to Release 16 Use Cases 1956.1.1 5G Pillars 1956.1.2 Technical Reports as a Foundation 1966.1.3 Use Cases Identified by Industry 1976.1.4 Market Needs for Release 16 1986.2 Use Cases for 5G Release 16 1986.2.1 Network Slicing 1986.2.2 Network Functions Virtualization 1996.2.3 SDN 2006.2.4 Use Cases for Cloud-Based Functions 2006.2.5 Quality of Service 2046.2.6 Session Continuity 2056.2.7 IMS Voice Calls in 5G 2066.2.8 SMS in 5G 2076.2.9 Dual Connectivity 2076.2.10 Network Exposure 2076.2.11 Policy 2076.2.12 Network Function Service Framework 2076.3 5G Use Cases 2076.3.1 Overview 2076.3.2 Use Cases of 3GPP TR 22.891 2086.3.3 The 3GPP Use Cases of SMARTER 2086.3.4 Enhancement of Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications 2126.3.5 5GS Enhanced Support of Vertical and LAN Services 2146.3.6 Advanced V2X Support 2146.3.7 Satellite Access in 5G 2166.3.8 Wireless and Wireline Convergence Enhancement 2176.3.9 Location-Based Services 2236.3.10 Mission Critical Services 2256.3.11 Public Warning System 2256.3.12 Streaming and TV 2256.3.13 Cloud-Based Functions and EDGE 2256.3.14 Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Extended Reality 2266.3.15 SON 2266.3.16 Support for Energy Saving 2276.3.17 Enablers for Network Automation Architecture for 5G 2276.3.18 5G Voice 2276.3.19 Sidelink 2276.3.20 Verticals Support 2286.3.21 Non-public Networks 2296.4 Release 17 and Beyond 2306.4.1 Drones (Unmanned Aerial System) 2306.4.2 MBMS 2316.4.3 Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence 2316.4.4 Use Cases of 6G 2317 Security 2357.1 Overview 2357.1.1 5G Security Architecture 2357.1.2 Security Functions 2367.1.3 Enhanced 5G Security 2387.2 5G Network Security Procedures 2397.2.1 Keys in 5G 2397.2.2 5G Identifiers 2427.2.3 Network Key Storage and Procedures 2437.2.4 5G Key Derivation 2437.2.5 Security Aspects of Network Slicing 2477.3 SIM in the 5G Era 2477.3.1 Background 2477.3.2 UICC Profiles in 5G 2487.3.3 Changes in Authentication 2497.3.4 SIM Evolution 2507.3.5 eSIM 2527.3.6 eSIM Architecture 2537.3.7 Technical Solution 2557.3.8 Security Certification of 5G SIM and Subscription Management 2567.4 Other Security Aspects 2567.4.1 Security Certification of Data Centers 2567.4.2 GSMA Security Controls 2578 5G Network Planning and Optimization 2598.1 Network Design Principles 2598.1.1 Introduction 2598.1.2 Base Architectural Models 2618.1.3 3GPP Split Options 2658.1.4 Deployment Scenarios of ETSI 2668.2 5G Radio Network Planning 2678.2.1 Overview 2678.2.2 Radio Channel Modeling 2698.2.3 5G Radio Link Budget Considerations 2718.2.4 5G Radio Link Budget in Bands Above 6 GHz 2778.2.5 Sidelink Deployment Scenarios 2788.3 RAN Deployment 2788.3.1 O-RAN Deployment Scenarios 2798.3.2 3GPP Functional Split Options of 5G 2798.4 5G Core Network Planning 2858.4.1 Overall Considerations 2858.4.2 Virtualization 2868.4.3 MEC 2878.4.4 Transport Network Considerations 2888.4.5 Deployment Options of ITU 2888.4.6 Dimensioning of the Core and Transport 2908.5 Network Slice Planning 2908.5.1 Overview 2908.5.2 Network Slice Ecosystem Roles 2918.5.3 Network Slice Planning Principles 2928.5.4 Network Slice Templates of the GSMA 2928.5.5 Network Slice as a Service 2938.5.6 Network Slice Management 2948.6 EMF Considerations 2958.6.1 Safety Regulation 2958.6.2 Scientific Understanding 2958.6.3 Safety Distance 2978.6.4 Snapshot of Studies 2988.7 5G Measurements and Analytics 2998.7.1 Key Measurement Types 2998.7.2 In-Built Network Analytics 3028.7.3 Minimization of Drive Tests 303Appendix 309Index 325
Jyrki T. J. Penttinen is the Senior Technology Manager, North America, at GSMA in Atlanta, GA, USA. He has worked in mobile telecommunications since 1994 and has experience in research and operational activities for both radio and core network domains, including planning, optimization, measurements, system architectures and services.
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