The volume highlights recent and new developments in all fields of neuropeptides in biological homeostasis regulation such as body weight and metabolism, reproduction, osmotic pressure reproduction. Special attention given to the phylogenetic aspects of neuroendocrinology, from invertebrates to mammals including humans. The main target of the neuropeptides presented and discussed are newly found G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) ligands such as orexin, ghrelin, GALP, NPW, neuromedin U, 26FRa, urotensin II and metastin, but other important neuropeptides such as GHRH, CCK, GnIH, ANP are...