This book introduces the latest advances made in both fundamental studies and potential applications of upconversion nanomaterials, particularly in the field of high-resolution in vitro bioanalysis and in vivo imaging. This book starts with the synthesis and characterization, and focuses on applications ranging from materials science to biology. Above all, it describes cutting-edge advances in upconversion nanophosphor (UCNP)-based applications in multiplexed encoding, guest delivery and release systems, photodynamic therapy (PDT), solar cells, photocatalysis and so on. The major barriers...

China's recent evolution is not only a story of extraordinary economic growth but also a story of great institutional change. Fan Zhang challenges traditional theory to explain the real origins of China's reform, the political and economic forces driving it, and the reasoning behind its stagnation. The institutional re-arrangement of government and market has been crucial in this marketization process. Using a wealth of documents and cases, Zhang provides a detailed analysis of China's institutional changes over the past 40 years, focusing on the government-market relationship. A...

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is an ambitious infrastructure construction program designed and financially supported by the Chinese government. It spans the globe and is active in about 150 countries, affecting the international order, government policies, and ordinary people's daily lives. The BRI uses a version of China's domestic development model, set in an international environment. Using a wealth of documents, cases, multi-country input-output models, and a project database created by the authors, this book provides a complete picture of the BRI: its benefits, risks, and...