Fluoride plays a vital role in pediatric dentistry by significantly reducing the prevalence of dental caries in children through multiple mechanisms, including promoting enamel remineralization, inhibiting demineralization, and reducing oral bacterial activity. It is used both systemically (e.g., water fluoridation, dietary supplements) and topically (e.g., fluoride varnishes, gels, toothpastes) to provide protective benefits during critical periods of tooth development from infancy through adolescence. By combining preventive care, individualized fluoride management, and education, pediatric...