Benthos refers to organisms (plants and animals) living on or in the bottom of aquatic ecosystems, including marine, brackish, and freshwater environments. Environmental factors such as depth, salinity, and sediment type significantly influence the composition and richness of macro-benthic communities.Egyptian aquatic environments encompass the Nile River, Egypt's primary freshwater source, and the marine coasts of both the Mediterranean and Red Seas. Numerous studies have highlighted the diverse roles of macro-benthic invertebrates in these ecosystems. Key roles include serving as food...