Face recognition has garnered significant attention from researchers in the field of pattern recognition in recent decades. Its importance has grown due to its potential applications in law enforcement, access control systems, video surveillance, user authentication, and criminal investigations. While there are face recognition systems that perform well in controlled environments, real-time applications pose significant challenges. Factors such as illumination, expression, pose, scale, low resolution, partial face occlusion, and environmental conditions make face recognition a complex task....

Face recognition has garnered significant attention from researchers in the field of pattern recognition in recent decades. Its importance has grown due to its potential applications in law enforcement, access control systems, video surveillance, user authentication, and criminal investigations. While there are face recognition systems that perform well in controlled environments, real-time applications pose significant challenges. Factors such as illumination, expression, pose, scale, low resolution, partial face occlusion, and environmental conditions make face recognition a complex task....