Diet counseling plays a crucial role in promoting oral health among children, as dietary habits established early in life significantly influence dental outcomes. Effective diet counseling can help prevent dental caries and other oral health issues by encouraging the consumption of nutrient-rich foods while limiting sugary snacks and beverages. A balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals is essential for the development of healthy teeth and gums, as nutritional deficiencies can lead to enamel hypoplasia and increased susceptibility to caries. Implementing dietary changes requires...

Pain management in pediatric dentistry is a critical aspect of ensuring a positive dental experience for children. Young patients may experience pain or discomfort during dental procedures due to factors like tooth decay, infections, or trauma. However, pain perception in children differs from adults, influenced by factors such as age, emotional state, and developmental stage.Effective pain management strategies involve a combination of behavioral, pharmacological, and physical methods. Behavioral techniques, such as distraction or positive reinforcement, can help reduce anxiety and pain...

Root canal irrigation is a vital step in endodontic treatment, designed to clean and disinfect the root canal system. During the procedure, irrigants such as sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and EDTA are used to flush out debris, bacteria, and infected tissue from the canal. Sodium hypochlorite is the most commonly used irrigant due to its powerful antibacterial properties and ability to dissolve organic tissue. Chlorhexidine serves as an alternative antimicrobial agent, while EDTA is effective at removing inorganic material and aiding in the cleaning of canal walls. Saline or water may...

Childhood EBDs have significant negative impacts on the society, in the form of direct behavioural consequences and costs, and on the individual, in the form of poor academic, occupational and psychosocial functioning and on the family . The costs to society include the trauma, disruption and psychological problems caused to the victims of crime or aggression in homes, schools and communities, together with the financial costs of services to treat the affected individuals, including youth justice services, courts, prison services, social services, foster homes, psychiatric services, accident...