Tooth structure should always be preserved to provide long term success in endodontic treatment. Microbial contamination through the occlusal surface leads to coronal leakage constitutes a large percentage of failed root canal treatment. Root canal treatment can decrease the strength and toughness value of dentin by around 14% due to moisture loss, alteration of collagen fibers and change in biomechanical behaviour. It is always recommended to do pretreatment evaluation of tooth to confirm the prognosis and to decide the post endodontic restoration. The primary goal of endodontic and...

Calcium silicate-based materials are increasingly used in conservative dentistry due to their excellent biological and physical properties. These materials, including products like MTA and Biodentine, support the healing of dental tissues and are commonly used for procedures such as pulp capping, apexification, and root-end fillings. They release calcium ions, which stimulate hard tissue formation and encourage the repair of the pulp-dentin complex. Their high pH provides antibacterial action, while their sealing ability helps prevent bacterial leakage. These materials are also biocompatible,...