Islamic Finance is classified objectively as Sharia based (risk and reward sharing) and Sharia compliant (asset based financing). Practice of Islamic banking witnesses the focus of Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) on Sharia compliant products (Murabaha, Leasing, Salam and diminishing Musharaka). Share of Sharia based financing (Musharaka and Mudaraba) in portfolios of IFIs is negligible. This study was intended to evaluate the suitability of existing business and accounting frame work for application of Sharia based financing. Findings suggest that existing business and accounting frame...

Use of auxiliary information has been extensively used in survey sampling to increase the precision of the estimates. Ratio and Regression methods are most popular methods that utilizes information of auxiliary attributes. The auxiliary information has also been used in two-phase sampling for estimation of population characteristics. In this book use of auxiliary attributes have been proposed in two-phase sampling. Several methods have been proposed by using information on auxiliary attributes. The generalized ratio and regression families have been suggested. We have also proposed the...

The problem of sampling with probability proportonal to a size measure and with some control over the probabilities of joint selection of pair's of units has a history that goes back to about 1943.It is also well known that the problems related to sampling witout replacement with unequal probabilities have attracted and continue to attract the attention of many scholars and statisticians especially in recent years. In this monograph extensive dealing to design based and model based has been coverd. Some new estimators have been suggested to solve many problems. Most important point which has...

As we all know that sampling with unequal probability plays most important role in large scale sample surveys, therefore in this monograph some recent developments regarding this topic has been discussed. Moreover since joint probability is difficult calculate therefore some approximations of the joint probability have been derived. Special attention has been given to general theory of arbitrary probability. For this theory sampling with replacement and without replacement are the special cases of this general theory. Generalized Murthy estimator has also been discussed in details.

Unequal Probability Sampling has been efficiently used for estimation of population characteristics. Several developments have been made from time to time to increase the precision of estimates. In this book we present some new methods of estimation in unequal probability sampling. Some selection procedures have been discussed for use with the Horvitz and Thompson (1952) estimator. We have also proposed a general selection procedure which yields several selection procedures as special case. We have also discussed the method of developing the approximations for variance formulae for Horvitz...

The concept of two-phase sampling was first given by Neyman (1938), later on several simple and general regression and ratio estimators have been suggested, starting from Mohanty (1967), Srivastava (1970), Chand (1975), Kiregyera (1980, 84), Mukerjee et al. (1987), Srivastava et al.(1990), Roy (2003)and Samiuddin and Hanif (2006,07). Use of multi-auxiliary information for ratio and regression estimators, were considered, by Olkin (1958), Goswami and Sukhatme (1965), Raj (1965), Rao and Mudholkar (1967), Tripathi (1970, 1976), Tripathi and Ahmed (1995), Sen (1972), Tripathi...

Pakistan is facing an intense crisis in conventional energy resources. Utilization of unlimited solar energy will help in minimizing the dependency on conventional energy resources. The purpose of the study was to develop a high performance flat plate solar collector that would be used as a solar drier for various fruits and vegetables. A small scale flat plate solar collector (1.8 x 0.9 m) connected to a drying chamber was developed at the Department of Agricultural Mechanization, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University Peshawar, Pakistan. Efficiency...