Leukocyte and lymphocyte migration (trafficking) from peripheral blood into affected tissues is an essential component of the inflammatory reaction to virtually all forms of injury and is an important factor in the development of many diseases. Advances in the past few years have highlighted the central role of a family of chemotactic cytokines called chemokines in this process. Cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) have also been important in allograft rejection as these molecules allow protein receptor binding. Chemokines help to control the selective migration and activation of inflammatory...

Unfortunately more individuals are being diagnosed with renal failure due primarily to ailments such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease; more stress is being placed on the prevention, and early detection of kidney disease to minimize progression to renal failure; this approach requires collaborative working between nephrologists and other hospital specialties (particularly diabetic medicine and cardiology/ cardiovascular medicine), though more emphasis is also required for the collaboration between primary care and secondary care entities. There has to be more involvement...