CADASIL is a rare mid-adult onset monogenic form of hereditary cerebral microangiopathy, caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene which lead to abnormal extracellular matrix accumulation of granular osmiophilic material (GOM) in the vicinity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) causing degeneration and loss of VSMCs in small arteries and arterioles. Clinically the syndrome is manifested as migraine with aura, recurrent subcortical ischaemic events or strokes, subcortical vascular dementia and mood disorders. Diagnosis of CADASIL is established on the basis of results of genetic testing; skin...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative movement disorder affecting the (extrapyramidal) motor system, characteristically manifesting as bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor and postural instability. Although non-motor symptoms such as behavioural abnormalities, dysautonomia, sleep disturbances and sensory dysfunctions are also common and are quite disabling manifestations of the disease. PD is most commonly seen in the elderly, but is also found in the young people.Indeed, it is a multi-system disorder in which other organs are involved. This book comes to shed light on the...