Declining of soil fertility and management of plant nutrient have made gap between the native and added nutrient of the soil. Phosphorus is an essential macro nutrient for plant growth and it's generally added to soil as a fertilizer and increase the physiological efficiency of crop. Nowadays, using phosphorus fertilizer is mandatory for most Ethiopian soil due to its deficiency. When phosphate fertilizer is applied to soil and dissolved by the soil water, various reactions occur between phosphate and soil constituents' who removes phosphorus from the solution phase and render its...

Agroforestry is one of the most important land use system in which soil and water can be conserved at the same time specially, for small scale agriculture and hilly area. Agroforestry play remarkable role in soil and water conservation. Planting trees on agricultural and non-agricultural lands was a usual practice mainly for southern Ethiopia. For it was inevitable because the area was hilly; the majority of farmers operated on a small scale and would hardly afford intensive management of their crop with integration of suitable trees for the crop they grow. Farmers had detailed knowledge...