Heart failure is a clinical entity characterized by a certain combination of symptoms and signs. Although there is neither a definition covering all aspects of it nor any generally accepted criteria for evaluating its severity, it is the endstage of many different heart diseases, in most cases associated with a poor prognosis. Approximately 50% of the patients with advanced heart failure die from pump failure, whereas the other half succumb suddenly and unexpectedly due to ventricular tachyar rhythmias. Although impaired left ventricular function is the main risk factor, sudden death may...
Heart failure is a clinical entity characterized by a certain combination of symptoms and signs. Although there is neither a definition covering all a...