The Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) is functional ingredients of a drug that acts against diseases. In other words, the active ingredient(s) in a drug or medicine are the substances that produce intended pharmacologic effects which might be positive or negative. The quality and safety of the drugs depends on API and new chemical entity development entirely depends on it. Most of the pharmaceutical industries buy API from other manufacturing units. Therefore, it becomes mandatory to check quality of APIs and other raw materials. In the present study, assessment of the level of APIs in...

Mortality Rates in Middle and Low-Income Countries describes causes and factors leading to high mortality as well as presents the latest developments in the field of healthcare with best practices to reduce mortality in all ages. It addresses mortality and related health outcomes in economically poor countries and presents a new matric/index for measuring healthcare effectiveness and monitoring levels. It also discusses the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and the challenges of implementing prevention measures in developing countries. The information in this book can be adopted at...