This work explores the political economy of competition policy in Mexico in order to answer the question of how Mexicos political institutions influenced both the aims of microeconomic reform and the ability of the government to implement it. The evidence is reviewed in the context of the economic approach on the politics of regulation and the politics of anti-monopoly policy. Following an institutional perspective, this research addresses how and why the Mexican government implemented the competition policy reform, and analyses the institutional design of the competition regime...