This book provides a comparative account of thee legal and scientific issues relating to proof of causation in cases of alleged drug-induced injury, principally in Europe and North America. It seeks to assess whether, by using probabilistic approaches, the courts may more accurately determine the cause of adverse reactions contentiously associated with drugs. In four case studies (DES, Bondoctin, vaccine damage and Gulf War Syndrome), the deficiencies of orthodox approaches to causation are revealed. A sustained argument is presented in favor of applying greater weight to epidemiological...