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This book addresses the new field of standards dynamics. It focuses in particular on the tension between standards and change. Standards are points of reference and should therefore be inherently stable (at least to a certain degree). However, technologies change at an increasing pace, particularly in the field of information technology (IT). This requires the development of more standards and more updates, and leads to increased competition between standards. In many situations problems arise, such as how to retain compatibility if standards keep on changing and whether to adopt the new...

The notion of inverse infrastructures - that is, bottom-up, user-driven, self-organizing networks - gives us a fresh perspective on the omnipresent infrastructure systems that support our economy and structure our way of living. This fascinating book considers the emergence of inverse infrastructures as a new phenomenon that will have a vast impact on consumers, industry and policy. Using a wide range of theories, from institutional economics to complex adaptive systems, it explores the mechanisms and incentives for the rise of these alternatives to large-scale infrastructures and points to...

This title was first published in 2001. Offering a fascinating new perspective on the processes of technical and social change, this book complements contemporary innovation studies by adopting an integrative perspective on social learning as characterized by the introduction of educational multimedia. The contributors provide insights into policy making in the fields of education and multimedia, educational practices related to the use of multimedia and wider processes of technical change. Accessible in style, the book will appeal to researchers and policy makers alike and will be of...