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Neurodegeneration is the umbrella term for the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, including the death of neurons. Many neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's occur as a result of neurodegenerative processes. This book presents current research in the study of neurodegeneration, including oxidative stress-mediated neurodegeneration; preserving motoneuron viability and function during disease or after traumatic injury; research in aspects of excitotoxicity mechanisms; uncoupling proteins as therapeutic targets in stroke and...

Optimization theory is designed to find the best ways of doing things. The structures of animals, their movements, their behavior, and their life histories have all been shaped by the optimizing processes of evolution or of learning by trial and error. In this revised edition of R. McNeill Alexander's widely acclaimed Optima for Animals, we see how extraordinarily diverse branches of biology are illuminated by the powerful methods of optimization theory.

What is the best strength for a bone? Too weak a bone will probably break but an excessively stout one will be...

How can geckoes walk on the ceiling and basilisk lizards run over water? What are the aerodynamic effects that enable small insects to fly? What are the relative merits of squids' jet-propelled swimming and fishes' tail-powered swimming? Why do horses change gait as they increase speed? What determines our own vertical leap? Recent technical advances have greatly increased researchers' ability to answer these questions with certainty and in detail.

This text provides an up-to-date overview of how animals run, walk, jump, crawl, swim, soar, hover, and fly. Excluding only the tiny...

Life depends on energy, and the majority of animal activity centers around finding energy in the form of food. Energy for Animal Life, the first book in the innovative new Oxford Animal Biology Series, gives a thorough yet precise description of how animals get and use energy -- a central topic in understanding animal biology. From solar radiation and photosynthesis to food sources for herbivores and carnivores, this book encompasses the food chain. It compares the merits of different designs of the digestive system as well as of different strategies for finding and choosing food. Several...

Originally published in 1988, this book is about the uses and implications of elastic properties in various aspects of animal biology. After a brief study of the properties of elastic materials, the book considers the functions of springs in the bodies of animals. Drawing on specific examples, the uses of elastic structures as, amongst other things, muscle antagonists, energy stores, catapults and suspension springs are described. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in animal mechanics.

This book is about the major groups of animals, their structure, physiology and ways of life.