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No work of Spanish philosopher and essayist Jose Ortega y Gasset has been more frequently cited, admired, or criticized than his defense of modernism, "The Dehumanization of Art." In the essay, originally published in Spanish in 1925, Ortega grappled philosophically with the newness of nonrepresentational art and sought to make it more understandable to a public confused by it. Many embraced the essay as a manifesto extolling the virtues of vanguard artists and promoting their efforts to abandon the realism and the romanticism of the nineteenth century.

The "dehumanization" of...

Sur toute la surface de l'Occident triomphe aujourd'hui une forme d'homogEnEitE qui menace de consumer ce trEsor. Partout l'homme-masse a surgi - l'homme-masse dont ce livre s'occupe - un type d'homme hAtivement bAti, montE sur quelques pauvres abstractions et qui pour cela se retrouve identique d'un bout A l'autre de l'Europe. C'est A lui qu'est dU le morne aspect, l'Etouffante monotonie que prend la vie dans tout le continent. Cet homme-masse, c'est l'homme vidE au prEalable de sa propre histoire, sans entrailles de passE, et qui, par cela mEme, est docile A toutes les disciplines dites...

¿Qué es una nación? Nación en el sentido que damos a esta palabra cuando la referimos a los pueblos europeos, significa una unidad de convivencia distinta de lo que entendemos por un ‘‘pueblo’’. Un ‘‘pueblo’’ es una colectividad constituida por un repertorio de usos tradicionales que el azar o las visicitudes de la historia ha creado. El pueblo vive inercialmente de su pasado y nada más. Ninguno de esos usos es por sí respetable. Se ha originado mecánicamente. Es un modo de tatuarse o de...

Ortega's entry into the writing world came by way of newspaper essays that are still read by generations seeking revelations and interpretations of the world. He wrote on varied subjects: love, bullfighting, hunting, education, and Don Quixote. His incessant search for knowledge led him into political theory and practice and metaphysics as well.

This present book represents Ortega's incursions into a field of thought along which anyone curious enough to travel will find leads him into a succession of ideas that extend his vision and his understanding of himself. If generations of men...