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An integrated vehicle plate detection and recognition system generally aims to detect the license plate (LP) and recognize its characters. The process basically includes LP detection, LP extraction, character segmentation, feature extraction and recognition. Due to its wide range of applications such as traffic management, security etc., and this topic is intensively researched especially in the field of image processing. Furthermore, the differences in systems, colours, backgrounds, foregrounds, font and style of the license plates from one country to another add more problems and challenges...

Verification of declared components in food products is essential to ensure transparency in food labeling and safeguard consumers' trusts, religious faiths, health, and hard earned fortunes. Conventional methods based on PCR-based DNA analysis has reached a ceiling stage and has limitations in detecting short-length DNA markers which survive in harsh conditions. PCR-based methods are also expensive and need product authentication to eliminate ambiguity. DNA detection using gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is very promising because it does not need any complex and expensive instrumentations and...