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Gettysburg is the most written-about battle in American history, and yet new interpretations of what happened there have recently taken root. As this work explains, Confederate General Robert E. Lee was fixated on capturing Cemetery Hill, the high ground just southeast of the town, but he misunderstood the position of the Union line of defense. In three days of attacks, Lee lost a third of his veteran infantrymen - the heart of his army - and expended much of his ammunition. With the Union army bloodied but unmoved, Lee had no choice but to retreat, but he was a long way from home with no...

Two of the most brilliant campaigns of maneuver in the American Civil War - perhaps of any war - were conducted almost simultaneously during the spring of 1863. Two Union commanders, U. S. Grant in the West and Joseph Hooker in the East, faced similar problems that spring: Each had to find a way to cross a major river to get at his opponent for something other than a sure-to-be-disastrous head-on frontal attack. Hooker had to cross the Rappahannock, and Grant the Mississippi. Both generals conceived and executed extensive turning movements to come at their enemies from unexpected directions....