Werner Spies was born in Tuebingen in 1937, and since 1975 he has been a professor of 20th century art at the D sseldorf Art Academy. He was head of the MusEe National de l'Art Moderne at the Center Georges Pompidou in Paris from 1997-2000. Spies has gained international recognition as a critic and essayist, authoring several seminal works on 20th-century art in addition to editing a catalogue raisonnE of the works of Max Ernst.