Heijo E. Ruijsenaars, educated at the University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Law, is Legal Adviser at the European Broadcasting Union in Geneva (Switzerland). Former staff member at the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Patent, Copyright and Competition Law, Munich, Germany. Doctorate (1997) with a comparative law thesis on character merchandising, University of Leiden (the Netherlands). Member of the AIPPI Working Committee on Question 129 Legal Aspects of Merchandising. Author of several lectures and articles on the law relating to merchandising.