Vapor Compression Heat Pumps with Refrigerant Mixtures: With Refrigerant Mixtures

ISBN-13: 9780849334894 / Angielski / Twarda / 2005 / 328 str.

Reinhard Radermacher; Yunho Hwang

Opis

Amidst tightening requirements for eliminating CFC s, HCFC s, halons, and HFC s from use in air conditioning and heat pumps, the search began for replacements that are environmentally benign, non-flammable, and similar to the banned refrigerants in system-level behavior. Refrigerant mixtures are increasingly used as working fluids because they demonstrate desirable thermodynamic, feasibility, and safety characteristics. Vapor Compression Heat Pumps with Refrigerant Mixtures provides the first comprehensive, single-source treatment of working fluid mixtures and their applications in vapor compression systems. The authors explain in detail the thermodynamics of refrigerant mixtures, which is vastly more complex than that of individual refrigerants, as well as the fundamentals of various refrigeration cycles and methods for improving their efficiency. They also include important discussions on heat transfer and pressure drop correlations, experimental performance measurements and examples of using refrigerants and their mixtures, and critical operational issues such as control issues, refrigerant mixing, and mass fraction shifts. Assembling reviews of the scattered literature on the subject and reflecting two decades of research by the authors, Vapor Compression Heat Pumps with Refrigerant Mixtures prepares you to design and implement systems that take the best advantage of fluid mixtures, confronting the challenges and grasping the opportunities that they present."

Spis treści

Introduction
Heat Pumping
Overview of Current Products
History of Working Fluids
Requirements for Working Fluids
Background of Environmental Concerns
References
Properties of Working Fluids
Thermodynamic Diagrams of Pure and Mixed Refrigerants
Analytical Treatment of Thermodynamic Properties
Ternary and Multicomponent Mixtures
References
Vapor Compression Cycle Fundamentals
The Carnot Cycle
Heat Pumps in the Context of Energy Conversion
The Ideal Vapor Compression Cycle
Differences between the Carnot Cycle and Vapor Compression Cycle
Realistic Vapor Compression Cycles
Lorenz Cycle
Vapor Compression Cycle with Zeotropic Mixtures in Thermodynamic Diagrams
The Matching of Temperature Glides
Methods for Comparing the Performance of Pure and Mixed Refrigerants
Simulation of the Vapor Compression Cycle
References
Methods for Improving the Cycle Efficiency
Measures of Incremental Efficiency Improvement
The Suction Line to Liquid Line Heat Exchanger
The Economizer
The Expander
The Three-Path Evaporator
References
Experimental Performance Measurements
Laboratory Breadboard Tests
Actual System Tests Experience
References
Refrigerant Mixtures in Refrigeration Applications
Single Evaporator Refrigeration Cycle
Dual Evaporator Refrigeration Cycle
Lorenz-Meutzner Cycle
Modified Lorenz-Meutzner Cycle Refrigerator
References
Refrigerant Mixtures in Heat Pump Applications
Capacity Control
R22 Replacement
References
Heat Transfer of Refrigerant Mixtures
Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficients
Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficients
Correlations for Flow Boiling Heat Transfer
Pressure Drop During Evaporation
Condensation Heat Transfer Coefficients
Correlations for Flow Condensation Heat Transfer
Pressure Drop during Condensation
References
Operational Issues
Regulation
Refrigerant Recovery
Cycle Flushing
Refrigerant Mixing
Refrigerant Mass Fraction Measurement
Evacuating a System
Refrigerant Charge
Leak Checking
Mass Fraction Shifts
References
Index

O autorze

Radermacher\, Reinhard; Hwang\, Yunho