The Encyclopedia of Field and General Geology

ISBN-13: 9780442224998 / Angielski / Twarda / 1988 / 912 str.

Charles W. Finkl; Charles W. Finkl

Opis

Field work, supplemented by laboratory studies, is a cornerstone for the geological sciences. This volume provides an introduction to general field work through selected topics that illustrate specific techniques and methodologies. One hundred and twenty-three main entries prepared by leading authorities from around the world deal with aspects of exploration surveys, geotechnical engineering, environmental management. field techniques, mapping, prospecting, and mining.
Special efforts were made to include topics that consider aspects of environmental geology in particular those subjects that involve field inspections related to, for example, the placement of artificial fills, sediment control in canals and waterways, the geologic effects of cities, or the importance of expansive soils to environmental management and engineering. In addition, some widely ranging topics dealing with legal affairs, geological methodology, the scope and organization of geology, report writing, and other concepts, such as those related to plate tectonics and continental drift, provide a necessary perspective to the arena of field geology.

Spis treści

Acoustic Surveys, Marine. Aerial Surveys. Alidade. Alluvial Systems Modeling. Artificial Deposits and Modified Land. Atmogeochemical Prospecting. Augers, Augering (Soil). Biogeochemistry. Blasting and Related Technology. Block Diagram. Blowpipe Analysis. Borehole Drilling. Borehole Mining. Canals and Waterways, Sediment Control. Cartography, General. Cat Clays. Cities, Geologic Effects of. Coal Mining. Compass Traverse. Computers in Geology. Cratering. Cross-Sections. Dispersive Clays. Environmental Engineering. Environmental Management. Expansive Soils, Engineering Geology. Exploration Geochemistry. Exploration Geophysics. Exposures, Examination of. Field Geology. Field Notes, Notebooks. Floating Structures in Waves. Fossils and Fossilization. Fractures, Fracture Structures. Geoanthropology. Geoarchaeology. Geobotanical Prospecting. Geohistory, American Founding Fathers. Geological Cataloguing. Geological Fieldwork, Codes. Geological Highway Maps. Geological Methodology. Geological Survey and Mapping. Geological Surveys, State and Federal. Geological Writing. Geologic Reports. Geologic Systems, Energy Factors. Geology, Philosophy of. Geology, Scope and Classification. Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism. Geomicrobiology. Geomythology. Geonomy. Geophilately. Geostatistics. Groundwater Exploration. Harbor Surveys. Hardrock versus Softrock Geology. HydrochemicaI Prospecting. Igneous Rocks, Field Relations. Indicator Elements. Lake Sediment Geochemistry. Land Capability Analysis. Landslide Control. Legal Affairs. Lichenometry. Lithogeochemical Prospecting. Map Abbreviations, Ciphers, and Mnemonicons. Map and Chart Depositories. Map Colors, Coloring. Maps, Environmental Geology. Maps, Logic of. Maps, Physical Properties. Map Series and Scales. Map Symbols. Marine Exploration Geochemistry. Marine Magnetic Surveys. Marine Mining. Mathematical Geology. Mineral Identification, Classical Field Methods. Mineraloids. Minerals and Mineralogy. Mine Subsidence Control. Mining Preplanning. Offshore Nuclear Plant Protection. Open Space. Pedogeochemical Prospecting. Petroleum Exploration Geochemistry. Petroleum Geology. Photogeology. Photointerpretation. Placer Mining. Plane Table Mapping. Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift. Plate Tectonics and Mineral Exploration. Popular Geology. Professional Geologists' Associations. Profile Construction. Prospecting. Punch Cards, Geologic Referencing. Remote Sensing, General. Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Societies and Periodicals. Rock-Color Chart. Rock Particles, Fragments. Samples, Sampling. Saprolite, Regolith, and Soil. Satellite Geodesy and Geodynamics. Scientific Method (Scientific Methodology). Sea Surveys. Sedimentary Rocks, Field Relations. Serendipity. Slope Stability Analysis. Soil Fabric. Soil Sampling. Soils and Weathered Materials, Field Methods and Survey. Surveying, Electronic Distance Measurement. Surveying, General. Tephrochronology. Terrain Evaluation Systems. Uniformitarianism. Vegetation Mapping. VLF Electromagnetic Prospecting. Well Logging.