Speech and Situation: A Psychological Conception of Situated Speaking

ISBN-13: 9783642617928 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 186 str.

T. Herrmann; B. a. Jankowski

Opis

The major portion of the investigations described in the present volume would never have been undertaken without the generous support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Society). During my professorship at the University of Marburg, I could not have carried on with my work in the psychology of language had it not been for the aid offered by this institution. Since these experimental investigations constitute the empirical backbone of the entire argument, I feel especially indebted to the Society. My warm thanks are also extended to the over two thousand subjects whose willing cooperation enabled my associates and myself to collect the body of data reported in these pages. I would like to thank the many parents, teachers, and school principals whose good will and collaboration were the prerequisites for conducting many of our experiments. The book also incorporates valuable contributions by my associates, insofar as my ideas and arguments bear the imprint of our joint work and discussion, to an extent that makes an accurate acknowledgement of each inspiration next to impossi ble. Giving them due credit, I would like to thank my assistants, the graduating students, and the student-aides back in Marburg and more recently in Mannheim."

Spis treści

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Some Comments on the Psychology of Language as Understood by the Author.- 1.2 Cognitive Processes in Speech Production — A Neglected Research Topic.- 1.3 Overview of the Book.- 2 Speech Production.- 2.1 On Speaking in General.- 2.2 A Basic Model of Speech Production.- 2.3 A Look at the Propositional Base of the Utterance.- 2.4 The Pars Pro Toto Principle.- 2.5 Conclusion.- 3 Situational Influences.- 3.1 Situations: Diverse and Indeterminate.- 3.2 Examples of Situational Influences on Speech.- 3.3 Situational Influences on Selection of Semantic Input (Some methodological considerations).- 4 Naming of Objects.- 4.1 Naming and Object Context.- 4.2 Multiple Codability.- 4.3 Naming as Selection of Input Components.- 5 Levels of Speech.- 5.1 Diaphasic Variations in Object Naming.- 5.2 Topic Proximity and Social Distance.- 5.3 Toward Psychological Determination of Speech Level.- 5.4 Three Experiments on Speech Level Variation.- 5.5 Word Choice: Lexical Encoding Plus Semantic Input Selection.- 6 Requesting.- 6.1 Variations in Requests for Action.- 6.2 Situational Determination of Requests.- 6.3 Some Experimental Findings.- 6.4 Conclusion.- 7 Epilogue: Qualifications and Generalizations.- References.- Author Index.