Road Pricing, the Economy and the Environment

ISBN-13: 9783540771494 / Angielski / Twarda / 2008 / 425 str.

C. Jensen-Butler;Brigitte Sloth;Morten M. Larsen

Opis

Economic growth and globalisation create traffic growth, leading to congestion, which again increases travel times and costs. Traffic growth also increases CO2 emissions, air pollution, accidents, and noise. So, clearly there is a need to manage traffic, taking into account that there is a need for transportation; hence it cannot be restricted without costs. Road pricing, where motorists pay for driving on specific roads, is an instrument that may efficiently reduce the negative impacts. But despite technological development and the efforts of the EU, it is still not widely used. Apparently, more research-based knowledge about the positive and negative consequences of road pricing is required. This volume is a collection of research papers on the use of road pricing. The focus is on passenger transport, and the papers cover a wide range of approaches, including theoretical modelling and empirical studies of road pricing experience from different cities.

Spis treści

Road Pricing in Europe — A Review of Research and Practice.- Road Pricing: Consequences for Traffic, Congestion and Location.- Implementation Paths for Marginal Cost-Based Pricing in Urban Transport: Theoretical Considerations and Case Study Results.- The London Congestion Charging Scheme: The Evidence.- The AKTA Road Pricing Experiment in Copenhagen.- Experience with Measuring Equity and Efficiency: A Case from Oslo.- Transport Costs in a Multiregional Equilibrium Job Search Model.- Evaluation of the Introduction of Road Pricing Using a Computable General Equilibrium Model.- Efficiency and Equity Considerations in Road Pricing.- Modelling the Economy, Transport and Environment Triangle, with an Application to Dutch Maglev Projects.- A Systems Approach to Modelling the Regional Economic Effects of Road Pricing.- External Effects and Road Charging.- Assessing the Impacts of Traffic Air Pollution on Human Exposure and Health.- Car Use Habits: An Obstacle to the Use of Public Transportation?.- Road Pricing in Denmark — User Attitudes and User Reactions.- A Cost-Minimisation Principle of Adaptation of Private Car Use in Response to Road Pricing Schemes.- Car Users’ Trade-Offs Between Time, Trip Length, Cost and Road Pricing in Behavioural Models.- The Impacts of e-Work and e-Commerce on Transport, the Environment and the Economy.- A Web-Based Study of the Propensity to Telework Based on Socio-Economic, Work Organisation and Spatial Factors.- The Impact of Telecommuting on Households’ Travel Behaviour, Expenditures and Emissions.