Optical Properties and Remote Sensing of Inland and Coastal Waters

ISBN-13: 9780849347542 / Angielski / Twarda / 1995 / 384 str.

Robert P. Bukata; John H. Jerome; Dimitry V. Pozdnyakov

Opis

Optical Properties and Remote Sensing of Inland and Coastal Waters discusses the methodology and the theoretical basis of remote sensing of water. It presents physical concepts of aquatic optics relevant to remote sensing techniques and outlines the problems of remote measurements of the concentrations of organic and inorganic matter in water. It also details the mathematical formulation of the processes governing water-radiation interactions and discusses the development of bio-optical models to incorporate optically complex bodies of water into remote sensing projects.
Optical Properties and Remote Sensing of Inland and Coastal Waters derives and evaluates the interrelationships among inherent optical properties of natural water, water color, water quality, primary production, volume reflectance spectra, and remote sensing. This timely and comprehensive text/reference addresses the increasing tendency toward multinational and multidisciplinary climate studies and programs.

Spis treści

Introductory Theory
Aquatic Optics
The Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation and Light
Radiance and Irradiance
Attenuation of Light in an Aquatic Medium
Spectral Albedo
Environmental Remote Sensing and Space Science
Remote Measurements Above Water
The Boundary Conditions of the Considered Problem
Incident Radiation
The Sun and Extraterrestrial Solar Radiation
Atmospheric Attenuation and Global Radiation
Stratospheric Ozone and Ultraviolet Solar Radiation
Clouds
Diffuse Sky Radiation
Water Surface Albedo
The Propagation of Atmospheric Photon Fluxes into Natural Waters
Optical Classification of Natural Waters
Photon Interactions with the Air-Water Interface
The Impact of Wave Slope on Reflection from the Air-Water Interface
Satellite Sensor, Sunglint, and Curvature of the Earth
Apparent and Inherent Optical Properties of Natural Waters
Monte Carlo Simulations of Photon Propagation
Bulk and Specific Inherent Optical Properties
Dependence of the Underwater Light Field on Solar Zenith Angle and Sky Irradiance
Composition of Natural Waters
The Aquatic Food Chain (Trophic Levels)
Pure Water
Dissolved Salts and Gases
Dissolved Organic Matter
Suspended Matter
Air Bubbles
Cumulative Optical Impact of the Aquatic Components
The Impact of Chlorophyll, Suspended Minerals, and Dissolved Organic Carbon on Volume Reflectance
Optical Cross Sections
Multi-Component Optical Model for Natural Waters
Impact of Chlorophyll on Volume Reflectance Spectra
Impact of Suspended Minerals on Volume Reflectance Spectra
Impact of Dissolved Organic Matter on Volume Reflectance Spectra
Volume Reflectance in Non-Case I Water Bodies Containing Moderate to High Concentrations of Dissolved Organic Matter
Volume Reflectance at a Single Wavelength
Deconvolving the Aquatic Organic and Inorganic Components from the Volume Reflectance Spectra
Multivariate Optimization as a Means of Deconvolving the Aquatic Organic and Inorganic Concentrations From the Volume Reflectance Spectra
Chromaticity and the Colour of Natural Waters
Colour and Volume Reflectance
Photometric Units
Colorimetric System: Chromaticity
Chromaticity as a Means of Estimating Aquatic Component Concentrations
Chromaticity and Remote Sensing
Observations of Optical Properties of Natural Waters (The Laurentian Great Lakes)
Introductory Remarks
The Secchi Disk and Attenuation of Subsurface Irradiance
Beam Transmission, T(l,z)
The Nepheloid Layer
Irradiance Attenuation Coefficient for PAR
Photosynthetic Usable Radiation, PUR
Photic Depth
Spectral Band Values of Irradiance Attenuation Coefficients
Subsurface Sighting Range
The Trophic Status of Natural Water
Optics and the Status of the Great Lakes
Remote Sensing Over Natural Water
Upwelling Radiation Through the Air-Water Interface
Accounting for Atmospheric Intervention
Radiative Transfer Models
Existing Atmospheric Correction Models
A Thematic Mapper Illustration
Remote Sensing of Water Quality Parameters
A Very Brief Inventory of Environmental Satellites
Primary Production in Natural Water
Photosynthesis
Phytoplankton Photosynthesis (Primary Production)
Remotely Estimating Phytoplankton Photosynthesis
Phytoplankton Primary Production from Estimates of Aquatic Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll and Biomass of Ocean Waters
Chlorophyll and Biomass of Inland and Coastal Waters
Protocol for Remotely Estimating Primary Production in Non-Case I Waters
Available Light for Photochemical and Photobiological Activity
An Example of Primary Production in Ladoga Lake
Aquatic Remote Sensing in Regional and Global Environmental Monitoring
Ecosystems at Risk
Satellites and Global Change
Satellites and Hydrology
Climate Change
Effects of Enhanced UV-B on Phytoplankton Photosynthesis
Global Water Bodies and the Gaia Hypothesis
Remote Sensing and Water Quality

O autorze

Robert P. Bukata, John H. Jerome, Alexander S. Kondratyev, Dimitry V. Pozdynakov